A kippah, tzizit and if 13+ tephilin in AM,and Talit in AM if Sephardi
Married religiously observant Jewish women cover their hair in public once they're married, not just in synagogue. Less observant Jewish women who are married often cover their hair in synagogue. This is due to the Torah specifying that a woman's hair is sensual and her beauty should be reserved for her husband.
Anything modest and dignified.
Yes, but most only wear it inside the synagogue or at home during Jewish prayers. Some wear it all the time, just like the Orthodox.
yamaka (not sure of the spelling). It's the article Jewish men wear on their head during synagogue and prayer.
Nice clothes. Anything modest and tasteful is likely to be okay.
A Mitzvah is a commandment from God that Jewish men must follow. A Bar Mitzvah is an adulthood ceremony where a boy becomes a man. Wearing the Skullcap and Tallit in a synagogue is one Mitzvah that Jewish men are obliged to keep.
The kippah (also known as a skull-cap or yarmulka) is worn by men of any Jewish denomination. Orthodox men wear the kippah all the time. Non-orthdox men (and some non-orthodox women), usually wear it only in a synagogue or at home during Jewish events. Some Reform Jews wear a kippah all the time.
Jewish people do not recognise Ramadan (which is a Muslim celebration) as a specific time of worship, and dress as they otherwise would, or accordingly with whatever their own religion requires.
You would wear a kippah on your head; it is a form of skullcap. Religious Jews wear them everywhere they go, while some less-religious Jews wear them only in the synagogue.
Some Jewish women do wear headscarves, particularly those who are Orthodox or adhere to more traditional Jewish customs. However, it is not a practice followed by all Jewish women, and there is no universal requirement for Jewish women to wear headscarves.
They usually wear a suit or other modest and tasteful clothing. Their heads are covered with a hat or skullcap. If it is morning services, they will have a tallit (prayer shawl) over the suit; and they will have tefillin (phylacteries).
Not an Orthodox synagogue of course, but a nice pair of slacks is definitely appropriate for a Conservative or Reform synagogue.