the name of the first spacecraft to first observe venus was venera 3. The year it observed venus 1962.
It did not land, but it did a successful fly by in 1965.
Mariner 2
The Mariner 2 space craft was sent to Venus.
Mariner 11 never sent radio pictures from Mars because it was not a mission that existed. The Mariner program had missions up to Mariner 10, which sent back images of Venus and Mercury.
Basically the answer is "Venus". Mariner 2 flew past Venus. Pioneer 5 explored the space between Earth and Venus.
Mariner 2 was the only spacecraft that year to visit Venus, it completed a flyby passing within 35 000 km of Venus on December 14th, 1962.
The Mariner 2 spacecraft inspected Venus in late 1962.
Mariner 2
The mariner spacecraft explored Mercury, Mars, and Venus. The first successful space probe and first spacecraft visit to a planet was Mariner 2.
Venus has only been visited once by the mariner 2 in 1962
The mariner is a space probe that was sent to space to expolre mostly Venus but also explored other planets.