The only times a monster is considered 'destroyed' are if the card that removed it from the field says it 'destroyed' it, or if it was destroyed during Damage Calculation with a stronger monster.
So Bottomless Trap Hole removes from game, but also destroys. However Dimensional Prison only removes from game, this is not a 'destroy' effect.
Destroying a monster does not flip it. But if a monster is flipped face-up when attacked, and considered destroyed by battle, then the flip effect will still activate.
Yes, it can. Call of the Haunted is not an Equip Card, so it is not automatically destroyed if it loses its target. Call of the Haunted will only destroy itself if the monster it brought back is 'destroyed'. However if the monster is removed from play, tributed, sent, or flipped face-down, then Call of the Haunted will lose it as a target, but remain on the field, uselessly.
A very tricky question, though it might help to look at a somewhat similar card for the answer: Red Dragon Archfiend. After attacking a Defense Position monster, RDA will "destroy all Defense Position monsters your opponent controls". Even if RDA attacked and successfully destroyed a Mystic Tomato that was in Defense Position, Mystic Tomato would be removed from the field by RDA's effect and not be considered destroyed in battle.Though D.D. Warrior Lady banishes monsters instead of destroying them, it still removes them from the field just like RDA. Additionally, both of these effects also resolve at the same time during the Damage Step. In short, the only fundamental differences between D.D. Warrior Lady and RDA is how their effects activate and that the former banishes cards.In conclusion, since we know that Defense Position monsters RDA attacks are not considered destroyed in battle, then any and all monsters D.D. Warrior Lady would have successfully destroyed in battle, but are removed from play by her effect, are not considered destroyed in battle. This is because the destroyed monster was removed from the field by an effect, not as a direct result of being destroyed in battle.
Yes, it does. When a Flip Effect monster is attacked, in the Damage Step you flip it, then calculate Damage, and then apply the flip effect before sending destroyed by battle monsters to the graveyard. So even if Man-Eater Bug was considered destroyed by battle, it will still be able to destroy one monster on the field.
Yes, the monster effect is still being activated whether it is on the field or not.
The effect of "Kinetic Soldier" activates during the Damage Step when attacking a Warrior-type monster. In otherwords, right before you determine if a monster is destroyed and who loses Life Points, "Kinetic Soldier" will gain 2000 ATK. If its ATK is greater at this point, the opponent's monster will be destroyed. But if "Kinetic Soldier"'s ATK is still lower than the opponent's defending monster, "Kinetic Soldier" will be destroyed.
The monster will always return to its owner's Graveyard. Incidentally, if the effect of the destroyed monster activates while it is still on the field, you will be able to use it; however, if the effect activates in the Graveyard, the card's owner will control the effect.
The monster's ATK only matters during Damage Calculation itself. If a 'weaker' monster attacks a stronger one, but that weaker monster has an effect that boosts its ATK during Damage Calculation, then the weaker monster will survive if it then had the higher ATK. It doesn't matter that afterwards, its ATK goes back to normal - Damage Calculation is the part of the Damage Step where monsters are considered destroyed by battle, and the weaker monster had a higher ATK for that.
The closest unconditional protection is Mist Body, an equip card that prevents the equipped monster being destroyed by battle. Damage calculation is still performed normally though, so its controlling player will still take damage to their life points as normal.
Yes - Rare Metalmorph only protects the monster from spells that target. Ojama Delta Hurricane!! does not target, so will destroy the monster.
Yes. Flip Effects are applied after damage calculation. If Gale Lizard's attacked, it's flipped face-up, then you calculate damage to see if it's destroyed. Then, its effect will activate and return an opponent's monster and Gale Lizardwill be destroyed.
Yes, creatures that are considered indestructible can still be defeated by combat damage, as indestructible only prevents them from being destroyed by effects that use the word "destroy." However, they can still be removed from the battlefield by reducing their toughness to 0 or less through combat damage.