In the case of macaroni, 5 oz (ounces) is the dry weight.
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Yes, because one pound is equal to 16oz.
Different brands will have different weights. 500g would be about the same weight as loaf of slice sandwich bread. When a recipe calls out a weight, in baking, it generally requires you to weigh the product not measure by volume. When baking always follow the recipe exactly. If it says cups, use cups, if it says grams, weigh it.
the recipe calls for; three fourth cup of brown sugar :)
Paprika or cayenne pepper can be suitable substitutes for chili in a recipe that calls for it, like masa.
A suitable tomato substitute for a recipe that calls for fresh tomatoes is canned tomatoes.
Not unless the cake recipe specifically calls for icing sugar. Granulated sugar has a specific weight to measured volume and will provide that specific quantity and sweetness to the cake. Icing sugar has a different weight to volume, different texture and a different level of sweetness. It is important to use the specific ingredient called for in the recipe being followed in order to obtain the proper result.
No one knows who invented Mac and Cheese. Research shows (Jack MacLaughlin's book "Jefferson and Monticello: the biography of a Builder) that Thomas Jefferson was interested in macaroni but he did not invent this American classic. Jefferson enjoyed this dish while in Paris, served it at the White House and and corresponded with a William Short to procure a macaroni machine. The first written Macaroni and Cheese recipe is believed to be from The Experienced English Housekeeper, by a Mrs. Elizabeth Raffald. This 1769 recipe calls for the following ingredients: bechamel sauce with Cheddar, mixed with macaroni, sprinkled with Parmesan, then baked until bubbly and golden.
The recipe calls for one cup of chopped leeks.
The recipe calls for one packet of yeast.
I found a recipe on the internet. My family likes the recipe a lot. The recipe calls for sirloin steak.
The recipe calls for three cloves of minced garlic.