"Transmutation" is the general term; this could also be called "nuclear reaction."
transmutation
Most likely this is some sort of radioactive decay.
There are many radio active elements which decay into lighter elements and give off charged particles in the process. The best place to find this voluminous information is in a 'Table of the Nuclides'.
The process in which a new lighter element is created by the release of an alpha ray particle from an atomic nucleus is called alpha decay of the original nucleus.
The number of protons in the nucleus changes
Usually one element at a time. If you want to process all elements of an array, you write a loop.Usually one element at a time. If you want to process all elements of an array, you write a loop.Usually one element at a time. If you want to process all elements of an array, you write a loop.Usually one element at a time. If you want to process all elements of an array, you write a loop.
identify and define the elements of the communication process
Radioactive elements have unstable nucleii. When an unstable nucleus decays it emits energy in the form of electromagnetic waves and heavy particles and in the process forms new nucleii.
The two elements of communication are the sender and the receiver. The mode of transmission is another element of the communication process.
Uranium is radioactive. Which means its nucleus will emitt an alpha particle (two protons and two neutrons) spontaneously. Because the nucleus lost two protons it becomes the element Thorium. Thorium also emitts alpha's and changes to Radium. This process continues; Radium into Radon into Polonium and finally into lead. The final Lead is not radioactive and the process ends. The actual process is a little more complicated because some of these intermediate elements can change by converting a neutron into a proton and emitting an electron (beta radiation), but the basic process is one radioactive element changes into another radioactive element by emitting radiation (alpha's or beta's). The Uranium to Lead Process has a half-life of about 4.5 billion years. Meaning that in 4.5 billion years 1 kilogram of Uranium will have changed to a half kilogram lead and a half kilogram Uranium is still left. This is approximate because there will also be some of those intermediate elements waiting to change.
As elemental identity is determined solely by the number of protons in the nucleus of a given atom, the only way an atom can change its elemental identity is by changing the number of protons in its nucleus. It can do this by certain types of nuclear decay or by certain types of nuclear absorbtion.
In positron emission, atomic number decreases by one. That's because a proton in the nucleus of the element that is about to undergo positron emission changes into a neutron. This is beta plus decay, by the way. You'll recall that the atomic number of an element, which is that element's chemical identity, is determined solely by the number of protons in the nucleus. If we "lose" a proton because it changes into a neutron, atomic number will now decrease by one. Check out the links below to related posts.