Matthew's Gospel says that the young family fled to Egypt and stayed there until Herod died (4 BCE). The Gospel implies that Jesus was born several years before Herod died, so they would have stayed there several years. After his death, they began to return to their home in Bethlehem but, being warned in a dream, turned aside and travelled to Nazareth in Galilee.
Luke's Gospel says they did not stay in Egypt at all. Luke 2:21-39 says that they went immediately to Jerusalem and then returned peacefully to Nazareth in Galilee.
The pharaoh of Egypt during the time of Joseph, Mary, and Jesus is not specifically mentioned in The Bible. The events of their time in Egypt are part of the escape from King Herod's decree to kill all male infants in Bethlehem.
According to Matthew's Gospel, Joseph, Mary and Jesus returned from Egypt after the death of King Herod the Great. Finding Herod's son, Archelaus, had succeeded him as king of Judea, and being warned in a dream by God, they abandoned their home in Bethlehem and travelled to Nazareth. Archelaus ruled Judea, Samaria and Idumea from 4 BCE to 6 CE.
Pharaoh Seti, or also spelled Sethi (in 'The 10 Commandments' with Charlton Henston), was the pharaoh when Moses was born. He also enslaved the Jews and ordered the Jewish baby boys to be drowned in the Nile. Sometimes his father Ramses I or his son Ramses II was the pharaoh when moses was born.
'''Hint: If Seti's dad was pharaoh then maybe, JUST maybe, Seti wouldn't free the Jews (in '10 Commandments' Ramses I is the pharaoh who enslaved the Hebrews, but his grandson refuses to free the Jews). Now if Seti was pharaoh then Ramses II, his son, would be the mean pharaoh Moses went before. Lastly if Ramses II was pharaoh who enslaved the Jews his son, Merneptah, wouldn't free the people.'''
King Herod died in April 4 BCE and Archelaus was deposed by the Romans in 6 CE. Matthew's Gospel is therefore telling us that Jesus, Mary and Joseph left Jesus sometime between 4 BCE and 6 CE.
Luke's Gospel does not have the young family go to Egypt, since Nazareth was already their home.
On the basis of accepting the biblical story as true, we can look at the Egyptian history of the time, to nominate a pharaoh. The Bible clearly states that the Israelites were released from slavery around 1440 BCE. however, it also says that Moses was already 80 years old when Moses led the Israelites out of Egypt, and no one king could have reigned for such an incredibly long time.
Thutmose III (c. 1479-1425 BCE) was the pharaoh in 1440 BCE, and his predecessor was Thutmose II, who probably reigned approximately 1493-1479. The reign of Thutmose I was about 1506-1493 and the reign of Amenhotep I is believed to have been 1526-1506 BCE. These reigns would cover the period from the birth of Moses, if he was 80 years old in 1440 BCE. Thutmose III could not be the pharaoh who drowned in the Red Sea while pursuing the Israelites, as he was buried in the Valley of Kings.
Another Answer
The short answer is that we don't know for sure. Some scholars say he was Rameses 1. The bible refers to him as the pharaoh at the time of Moses, with no personal name given. See also the attached Related Link for a general discussion concerning Archaeology.
There was no Pharaoh at the time as Egypt was under Roman rule. The Emperor, Caesar Augustus, would have been designated 'Pharaoh' if he was in Egypt.
The Bible does not specify it but around a year or so.
King Tut
Mary , Joseph and the baby Jesus fled in the night to Egypt.
Egypt was a safer place for Mary and Joseph than Bethlehem because Egypt was out of the jurisdiction of King Herod, who was seeking to kill the infant Jesus. By fleeing to Egypt, Mary and Joseph were able to escape Herod's massacre in Bethlehem targeting male infants.
Jesus' parents, Mary and Joseph, hid him in Egypt on the continent of Africa to escape King Herod's order to kill all baby boys in Bethlehem.
Jesus escaped to Egypt from Bethlehem, not Nazareth. King Herod, who wanted to kill him, ordered the massacre of all infant boys in Bethlehem, prompting Joseph and Mary to flee to Egypt with Jesus to keep him safe.
No, Joseph of Egypt was a prominent figure in the Old Testament who rose to power in Egypt. Joseph, the husband of Mary, was a carpenter from Nazareth and the earthly father of Jesus in the New Testament.
Mary , Joseph and the baby Jesus fled in the night to Egypt.
Joseph was warned in a dream to take the young child and his mother and flee to Egypt untill he hears from God again. (Matthew 2.13) So "the holy family" that fled to Egypt, were Joseph and Mary and Jesus.
Egypt was a safer place for Mary and Joseph than Bethlehem because Egypt was out of the jurisdiction of King Herod, who was seeking to kill the infant Jesus. By fleeing to Egypt, Mary and Joseph were able to escape Herod's massacre in Bethlehem targeting male infants.
Actualy Mary and Joseph fled only once to Egypt from king Herod.
Baby Jesus, Mary and Joseph went to Egypt because the King of Bethlehem was scared of being replaced by a younger unrelated boy, so ordered all boys under age 5 to be put to death.
Jesus' parents, Mary and Joseph, hid him in Egypt on the continent of Africa to escape King Herod's order to kill all baby boys in Bethlehem.
Joseph and Mary fled with the baby Jesus to Egypt, as the angel told Joseph to flee as the king Herod wanted to kill all the babies.
In a sentence diagram, "Mary" and "Joseph" would be connected by a horizontal line as compound subjects. "Took" is the predicate verb, and "Jesus" is the direct object connected to "took" by a diagonal line. "Bethlehem" would be diagrammed as the object of the preposition "to."
God warned Joseph in a dream to take Mary and Jesus to Egypt to avoid the wrath of Herod.
In Matthew's Gospel, Joseph fled to Egypt with Jesus and Mary, and remained there until Herod died. However, in Luke's Gospel, Joseph, Jesus and Mary did not go the Egypt. So which (if any) is correct?Many New Testament scholars say that neither nativity story is correct. John Shelby Spong says in Born of a Woman: A Bishop Rethinks the Birth of Jesus, Matthew was clearly writing Christian midrash.
He traveled from Nazareth to Bethlehem with Mary, where Jesus was born. From Bethlehem he took his family to Egypt. From Egypt they returned to Nazareth.
Joseph and Mary were the parents of Jesus of Nazareth.