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Q: When did pa. cemeteries start to use concrete burial vaults?
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How heavy and how expensive are grave vaults?

Very Maybe, but it depends, because there are big differences both in weight and in price. p { margin-bottom: 0.25cm; line-height: 120%; }a:link { } Price and weight of burial vaults largely depend on the materials used; weightwise, protective burial vaults range from approximately 100 lbs upwards (plastic vaults) through 400 lbs and more (12 ga steel) and 2,000 to 3,000 lbs (composite vaults, made of a combination of concrete and other materials) to 3,800 lbs (bronze lined concrete vault). Minimum prices vary from US $700 (reinforced concrete vaults) respectively $ 1,000 (metal and composite vaults) to $ 24,000 (bronze composite vault). Prices for non-protective concrete grave liners (weighing 1,500 lbs or more) are usually lower than for protective vaults and start already at $ 600. The terminology might be somewhat confusing and needs therefore some explanation. Burial or grave vaults in the widest sense are outer burial containers for the casket. In the narrower sense of the word, vaults are hermetically sealing (air- and watertight) outer burial containers, while non-sealing (non-protective) containers are called grave liners or grave boxes. While no state law requires the use of a grave liner or vault in the US, many cemeteries do. The primary function of the outer burial container is to prevent the grave from sinking and caving in as a result of the weight of the earth pressing on the casket and of the use of heavy cemetery maintenance machinery. This function can be fulfilled very easily by a simple concrete grave liner. A burial vault fulfills the additional function of protecting the casket from the elements, especially from ground water. For this purpose, vaults can be sealed: the use of lining and sealant materials merge the box like base and the "flat" cover (lid) of the vault into an air and watertight unit which protects the casket. Metal vaults, which usually have a "flat" base plate upon which the dome shaped vault is placed, protect the casket by allowing air pressure to build up in the dome, keeping moisture out.Some vaults are very expensive, indeed. The most expensive and heaviest grave vaults currently manufactured in the US probably are:- the 10ga (108oz) copper Custodian, a metal vault made by the Clark company, weighing around 600 lbs and being offered at prices around $ 16,000 retail- the 90oz triple-walled bronze and concrete composite vault by Wilbert, which weighs 3.800 lbs and is offered at prices between $ 8,000 and 16,000- the Doric Olympian Bronze composite vault which consist of a concrete core and has an 48oz bronze outside and a 16ga inner bronze liner, resulting in a weight of 2,900 lbs and costing some $ 24.000.


How heavy and how expensive are burial vaults?

Price and weight of burial vaults largely depend on the materials used; in terms of weight, protective burial vaults range from approximately 100 lbs upwards (plastic vaults) through 400 lbs and more (12 gauge steel) and 2,000 to 3,000 lbs (composite vaults, made of a combination of concrete and other materials) to almost 4,000 lbs (bronze lined concrete vaults). Minimum prices for protective (air and water tight) vaults start at US $700 (reinforced concrete vaults) respectively $ 1,000 (metal and composite vaults). Prices for non protective (unsealed) concrete grave liners (weighing 1.500 lbs or more) begin already at $ 600. President Reagan's luxurious mahogany casket was placed in a 3,000 lbs heavy bronze lined concrete vault (type Wilbert "Bronze Triune" No. 34 oversize) which retails at prices between $ 3,500 and 8,000. But his vault was by far not the most expensive one available. Probably the most expensive and heaviest American grave vaults currently (in 2014) are: - the 10ga (108oz, meaning ounces per square foot) solid copper "Custodian" vault by Clark (weighing around 600 lbs and offered at prices around $ 16,000 retail). This vault is no longer in production, but may be still available in some funeral homes. - the 90oz triple walled Bronze and concrete composite "Ultimate" vault by Wilbert, which weights 3.800 lbs and is offered at prices between $ 8,000 and 16,000 - the Doric "Olympian Bronze" composite vault which consist of a concrete core and has an 48oz bronze outside as well as a 16 ga inner bronze liner, resulting in a weight of 2,900 lbs; the retail price is some $ 24.000.


When did sky burial start?

sky burial started in 1786


What does Fortunato start doing as they enter the vaults in Cask if Amontillado?

As they enter the vaults in "The Cask of Amontillado," Fortunato becomes increasingly intoxicated and starts coughing due to the dampness of the catacombs.


What is the address of the Dibble Cemetery?

There are Dibble Cemeteries in Michigan, Oregon, Iowa and Oklahoma. You start by specifying which one you are interested in.


What are concrete nouns that start with x?

Concrete nouns that start with X are:xylophonex-ray machinex-ray fishXerox copy


What is the importance of a vault?

to keep all the people of the vaults safe from the outside (watch the video at the beginning when you start a new avatar.)


When did they start to dig up bones in Afghanistan?

when the Taliban took over, boys started to dig up the bones in cemeteries for pay.


How many hours to start concrete curing after casting of concrete?

It starts curing the second they put water in it.


Can you install a real wood floor on top of a concrete floor?

You can. You start by applying moisture barrier to the concrete--flooring stores have it--then gluing the hardwood to the concrete.


What is the effect of hydration on strength of a concrete?

Excess water (over hydration) causes weak concrete. The water in concrete is there to start a chemical process which results in the hardening process. The excess water is not used in the chemical process and results in a weakened concrete.


What is reinforced concrete used for?

Actually concrete is not very good in tension therefore we have to introduce reinforcement which takes care of the tensile stresses. If we don't provide reinforcement, concrete will start showing cracks wherever tensile stresses overcome the concrete tensile strength.