Rifling in the barrels
Very important. It's what stablises the projectiles, which gives them their accuracy and range.
The barrel is bored, and rifled with a cutter or broach. Match barrels are frequently lapped (polished) with a lead lapper coated with very fine abrasive. This lapping polishes out tool marks left by the rifling process, and insures uniform diameter of the bore.
The barrels of Glock pistols use a different style of rifling, known as polygonal rifling. When shooting cast bullets, this rifling will get smeared with lead (known as "leading up"), and the pistol becomes unsafe to shoot.
The direction of the spin which is put on the bullet by the rifling.
Remington uses "hammer forged" rifled barrels on all production rifles. Their custom shop uses mostly "button rifled" barrels unless the customer specifies a barrel made by a custom barrel maker who uses the "cut-rifled" process to install rifling into a barrel blank.
ALL rifles have barrels that contain "rifling". This is usually in the form of spiral grooves cut into the inside of the barrel- a few have a non-round barrel, with flat surfaces that twist as you go up the barrel. At one time, ALL shotguns had smooth bores- no rifling. However, SOME shotguns now have barrels with rifling, used to shoot slugs. They are still not rifles, as they are meant to shoot shotgun shells.
In almost all of them, yes. There have been a very few rare 45s that were made with smoothbore barrels to fire shot cartridges.
Well, there are different length barrels for different M16 versions. Often, the rifling is a 1:7 on an M16, which means it makes one rotation every 7 inches. If your barrel has 21 inches of rifling, then it will make 3 complete turns as it leaves the barrel. You need to count the number of inches rifling you have, then divide by 7. If the rifling isn't 1:7, then you need to find out what it is for a particular rifle.
Smooth bores are bores or barrels in guns that do not contain rifling. Rifling is made up of lands and grooves that cause the bullet to turn within the barrel of the gun. This turning gives the bullet and gun its accuracy. A smooth bore gun is much less accurate than a rifled bore gun.
Depends on the maker. Some gun barrels are the finest quality type 4140 chrome moly or 416 stainless steel with button rifling. Hi-Point pistol frames are made from a high-impact polymer and barrels are from an alloy stainless steel.
Shotgun barrels in the US must be at least 18 inches long, and are generally smooth inside. Handgun barrels are usually much shorter than 18 inches, and are rifled- a set of spiral grooves (rifling) is cut into the inside of the barrel to make bullets spin when fired.