After they were born.
How to live. The Torah is vast; covering belief, observance, history and information. See the attached Related Links for some info.
Mendelsohn, an assimilating Jew, translated the Torah into German.
The Torah is important to all Jews as it is the foundation of Judaism and contains the core guidelines that teach us how to live righteously.
It depends on how the term is meant. "Torah Jews" can mean more than one thing. If the definition is: Those who live the laws of the Torah (which is the way the phrase "Torah Jews" is usually used), then it is understandably common to reserve that description for observant Jews. It is indeed customary today to call observant Jews "Torah Jews"; so the answer to the question is Yes. The word "Orthodox" is seen by many Torah Jews to be an exonym, i.e. a term applied to them by non-Orthodox, whereas they prefer the term "Torah Jews". If the definition is: Who is Jewish according to the Torah, then Torah Jews would include non-observant Jews, because they don't cease being Jewish. All Jews, regardless of levels of observance are "Torah Jews" since their Jewishness is derived from the Torah's mandates.
Education has always been paramount to Jews. The Torah commands us to learn and teach, and especially to teach our own children. In Talmud Torah, in Yeshiva, and also when at home, children are taught Torah and Torah-subjects. Illiteracy has always been extremely low among Jews, even in eras when the surrounding nations were largely illiterate. Torah-learning is intensive, both requiring as well as inculcating high intelligence. As soon as babies begin to understand the spoken word, Jewish parents start accustoming them to verses of Torah and whichever laws and customs they can comprehend. Excellence in Torah is always encouraged and rewarded.
They are Jews who keep the Torah.
Orthodox Jews or Torah Jews.
The Torah makes it clear to us that the world was created by God in a deliberate, purposeful act, and not as a fluke of blind chance.
To honor the Torah and glorify it.
Torah
The Torah.
Orthodox Jews abide by the commands of the Torah and the Oral Torah (Talmud).