That happens in an "eclipsing binary".
That's an 'eclipsing binary'.
This phenomenon is known as an occultation, where a celestial body passes in front of and blocks the light from another body, such as a planet or star. It can be used to study the atmosphere, structure, and characteristics of both objects involved. Scientists can measure the timing, duration, and changes in light during occultations to gather valuable information about the bodies involved.
When one body in space blocks another body, this phenomenon is known as an eclipse. In an eclipse, the obstructing body temporarily obstructs the light from a source, such as the Sun or a star, affecting the visibility of the blocked body. There are different types of eclipses, including solar and lunar eclipses, depending on the celestial bodies involved.
When a satellite blocks light from a star, it creates an event known as an occultation. During this event, the star may appear to dim or completely disappear temporarily, depending on the size of the satellite and its distance from both the observer and the star. This phenomenon can be used by astronomers to study the properties of the satellite, such as its size, shape, and atmosphere, as well as to confirm the existence of exoplanets when observed in transit across their host stars.
Variable star
Periodic variable.
An exoplanet would best be identified by a periodic Doppler shift in a star's spectrum, known as the radial velocity method, along with a dip in the star's light intensity, indicating a planetary transit. When an exoplanet orbits its star, it causes a detectable Doppler shift in the star's light due to its gravitational pull and blocks a portion of the star's light when it transits in front of it.
When the moon blocks the sun's light, or the Earth blocks the light from the sun that strikes the moon, it's called an eclipse. For an arbitrary body passing in front of another one, the term astronomers usually use is "occultation".
"Occulting binary". The word "occult" means hidden or in shadows; if a binary star's orbital plane happens to be exactly through the Earth's path, we might see two stars when they're separate and then see one of the stars disappear behind (or in front of) the other.
A star that dims every three days would likely be a binary star system. Such a system consists of two stars that orbit their mutual center of mass. If their orientation is right then, from out perspective, one star will periodically block the other from view, reducing the amount of light we see from them.
The magnitude difference between the two stars is 2.5 * log(40) = 4.0 magnitudes.
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