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What is the Conceptual Memory Map of a C Program?
C++ has 4 distinct regions for memory distribution Stack : This region is used for function calls' return addresses , arguments and local variables Heap : This region is for dynamic allocation of memory (dynamic variables created on run time use this memory , aka RAM) Global Variables : This is used for global variables defined by the programmer Program Code : This region is for the program code.
C memory model?
Memory Organization for a process -------------------------------------------- CODE SEGMENT: contains executable code DATASEGMENT:contains static and global variable HEAP SEGMENT:Dynamically allocated variables will be in heap STACK SEGMENT:For local or automatic variables PREM G premgnath@gmail.com
Where local variables are stored in c?
On the stack.
What is turbo c variables?
Turbo C variables are memory place holders for storage of data during the execution of a Turbo C program. Types of variables include integer, real and char.
Are C variables initialized to 0 by default?
Only global/static variables are, local variables aren't.
What is union in c program?
It's a fragment of memory shared by multiple variables.
What is difference between auto and local variables in c?
Nothing.
What are the differences between global variables and local variables in C plus plus?
Global variables can be seen in all blocks of your program, when local variables are visible only within the block where it's declared.
Where does global static local register variables free memory and C Program instructions get stored?
* These are all implementation defined. Access to `register' specified indentifiers should be as fast as possible, so the compiler may place the value in a machine register. However, the compiler is free to treat a `register' declaration as an `auto' declaration. * Where free memory is maintained is an OS specific concept. Instructions are generally stored in code segement. Local Variables are stored in Stack. Register variables are stored in Register. Global & static variables are stored in data segment. The memory created dynamically are stored in Heap And the C program instructions get stored in code segment.
What are the differences between C and Java reference variables?
Java does not have the concept of Reference Variables. We cannot access the memory location where the data is stored in Java.
What is the difference between static and dynamic memory?
There is no such thing as dynamic memory, but we often use the term to mean non-static memory. Static memory is where all constant variables, global variables and static variables are allocated in static memory. Static memory is a contiguous block of memory of fixed length divided into two sections: initialised memory and uninitialised memory. Initialised variables and constants are allocated to the initialised section and are stored as a bitmap image in the executable itself. Uninitialised variables are allocated in the uninitialised section which is typically a block of zero-initialised memory. No bitmap image is required for uninitialised memory, only its length need be stored in the executable. The compiler can determine the amount of memory required for each constant and variable. Non-static memory is essentially all other memory used by a program. Every thread has its own call stack allocated as each thread is instantiated and released as each thread is destroyed. All stacks are fixed-length (determined at design time). The call stack is used to store local variables, automatic variables and temporary variables, as well as to implement exception handling. The heap (or free store) is essentially all other memory available to the program and is used to instantiate all anonymous variables. The heap is what we generally mean by dynamic memory because anonymous variables are created and destroyed as and when they are required at runtime. Since we cannot refer to an anonymous variable by name (being anonymous means they have no name), we must refer to them solely by their address. This means we must use pointer variables to store those addresses. If we have a large number of anonymous variables of the same type to keep track of, then we typically allocate them in contiguous memory and maintain a single pointer to the start of the allocation. This single pointer allows us to access the memory just as we would a built-in array. We also need to keep track of how many variables (elements) are allocated in the array to avoid buffer overruns. This allows us to easily allocate and release any number of anonymous variables at runtime. However, in C++ we rarely use "dynamic memory" directly. Although necessary in C Programming, C++ programmers prefer to use resource handles or "smart" pointers instead. In this way the language itself handles the underlying memory allocations for us, ensuring that memory is allocated and released in a timely manner, and thus minimising the risk of creating resource leaks -- a common problem with low-level C programming. The C++ std::vector is an example of a resource handle and most non-trivial C++ programs will include one or more std::vector<std::unique_ptr<T>> variables to keep track of any number of pointers to type T objects.
Sizeof operator to determine the memory occupied by structure variables and pointers?
C and C++ both include the built-in sizeof() operator to do just that.
