When the action potential (electrochemical signal) reaches the end of the nerve, calcium channels open, causing synaptic vesicles containing neurotransmitters to bind with the neuronal membrane. When this happens, the neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft (process is called exocytosis). Once in the synaptic cleft, they can bind with postsynaptic neuron or muscle cell receptors.
When you decide to move, an electrical signal called an action potential is generated in your brain. This signal travels along your neurons and reaches the skeletal muscle cells via motor neurons. At the neuromuscular junction, a chemical called acetylcholine is released, which stimulates the muscle fibers to contract and initiate movement.
Typically, the electrical signal that travels from the dendrites across the cell body travels by cable conduction properties (like cable TV). Once the signal reaches the axon hillock, which is the spot where the axon branches off the cell body, the electrical signal starts traveling by action potentials (and maybe some cable conduction). The signal travels to the terminal end of the axon where it initiates a calcium influx, which in turn initiates a release of neurotransmitter to act on the next, post-synaptic neuron. The axon is the long process (arm) that extends from the first cell body to the next neuron.
An action potential is triggered when a sufficiently strong neural signal reaches the trigger zone of a neuron, which is the axon hillock or the initial segment of the axon.The trigger zone contains a dense concentration of voltage-gated sodium-ion pores, which open and allow sodium ions into the neuron when the membrane voltage there rises from about -70mV resting potential to a trigger threshold of about -55mV as a result of a summing of inputs to the neuron.The resulting inrush of sodium ions through the ion pores is the beginning of the action potential.
covalent bond
-- microphone -- piezoelectric crystal -- dynamo
The impulse must go from one neuron to the next. To do this, it must change from an electrical to a chemical signal, and back to an electrical signal when it reaches the next neuron. Electrical signals are impossibly fast, but neurotransmitters cannot cross a synapse that fast. So, the impulse is at its slowest point when it crosses the synapse.
When the electrical signal reaches the end of an axon, neurotransmitters are released. They travel across the synapse. Once they reach the receiving cell, they create a new electrical signal.
When the electrical signal reaches the end of an axon, neurotransmitters are released. They travel acrross the synapse. Once they reach the receiving cell, they create a new electrical signal.
neurotransmitter
Chemical synapses are much slower to react to stimuli. However chemical synapses transmit a signal with constant strength or even a signal that get stronger. This is called "gain." Electrical synapses are faster but have no "gain," the signal gets weaker as it travels along the synapse to other neurons. Electrical synapses are only used for applications where a reflex must be extremely fast. They are simple and allow for synchronized action. A benefit of electrical synapses is they will transmit signals in both directions. Chemical synapses have many important advantages as well. They are more complex and vary their signal strengths. Their functions are influenced by chemical outputs in the nervous system. Chemical synapses are the most common type.
When you decide to move, an electrical signal called an action potential is generated in your brain. This signal travels along your neurons and reaches the skeletal muscle cells via motor neurons. At the neuromuscular junction, a chemical called acetylcholine is released, which stimulates the muscle fibers to contract and initiate movement.
Modulating Signal,
microphone............
A fiber optical signal is based on the transfer of photons, while an electrical signal is based on the transfer of electrons.
A synapse, chemical signals called neurotransmitters cross these gaps, carrying on the signal.
When you are stung by a bee you don't feel it until the impulse reaches your brain. The signal travels along your nerves to your spinal cord, where it is turned into a chemical message and sent to your brain.
pheromones