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Hydrocarbons
It depends on what fuel you are talking about. For nuclear energy, the energy comes from binding energy released when atoms are fissioned or (less commonly) fused.
Potential
Fossil fuel molecules have energy in the form of chemical bonds holding the atoms together. When burning, some energy is used to break these bonds. Oxygen the combines with the atoms of the fuel forming bonds with less energy. The difference in the energy of the old bonds and the new bonds is released as both heat and light. Most of the energy is released as heat.
in food there are calories which is the amount of energy the food has. in fuel there is no actual name for the energy because there are so many measurements of energy, and that includes calories.
consumed
Hydrocarbons
No, energy is consumed.
A fuel is any substance that can be consumed to produce energy.
yes, once the fuel is consumed the reaction ends.
released as heat
Chemical Energy is what is released.
energy is released and oxygen is consumed
Fossil fuels contain chemical potential energy, which is released as thermal energy when they burn. Nuclear fuel which can undergo fission contains energy by virtue of the change of mass which occurs when the nucleus is split into fragments, initially this is released as kinetic energy which is absorbed in the fuel and released as thermal energy.
Chemical bonds form, creating compounds. In some cases energy is released, in others energy is consumed.
It depends on what fuel you are talking about. For nuclear energy, the energy comes from binding energy released when atoms are fissioned or (less commonly) fused.
combustion