When there is no professional with emergency medical training is on the scene, in the field (car accident, sudden collapse by somebody in a residential home, etc.) the a lay person who knows CPR would be needed,
When a lay person with no CPR training is on the phone with 911 and the dispatcher is giving instructions to the lay rescuer
To make it easier for the lay person.
Code means someone is not breathing or their heart has stopped (which is not breathing as well). Full code CPR is probably a medical term for performing CPR on a patient that has coded. There is not, per se, a term for CPR that is a "full code CPR". You can take CPR for the lay person or professional.
CPR training is needed to be a babysitter
A person is mandated to preform CPR if it is a part of their job responsibility (whether paid or volunteer and they are on the job. For example, I was on the Ski Patrol (unpaid) and when I was on duty I was mandated to perform CPR if required. However, if I was driving home from the Ski Patrol and there was an accident and someone needed CPR, I am not mandated to perform CPR. But, I carry a breathing barrier in my car, and I would perform CPR on someone if needed.
For lay CPR, no pulse check is required.
See the related link for how to give CPR to an Adult, Child, or Infant. ECC 2005 standardized the ratio for the lay person to 30 compressions / 2 breaths for an Adult, Child, or Infant.
CPR for the lay person, denoted just CPR, there is no longer a pulse check for an adult, so once CPR is started, it will be continued unless the person begins to show signs of life. In CPR-FPR (CPR for the Professional Rescuer) there is still a circulation check, so RB at 1 breath / 5 seconds is part of that certification. To specifically answer your question, most people would do CPR and not check for a pulse on an adult, because it is not part of the curriculum. For a professional person, they would perform rescue breathing with a pulse and CPR without a pulse.
Adult CPR is needed for whenever someone needs aid in breathing. Therefore, it can be any age that needs it, as long as the person has a certification in CPR for legal reasons. The word "adult" refers to at least age 18, so adult CPR is CPR for those 18 and over only.
It only takes 1 person to perform CPR. An advanced CPR course can be taken to train you on 2-person CPR, which makes it easier and more productive than 1 person CPR.
Cpr means
Yes you can perform CPR on a person with an artificial heart valve. There is no difference on the CPR procedure with an artificial valve.