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Hi guys, i am a student in accounting in Malta. Well an item is material if it is does influence the decision of the user. An item is material when it does have a significant amount of money but it does have to do also with the size of the company, for eg an amount of 10000 may be immaterial to a big company but material to a small company. Also the nature of the item has to be seen, this is an item may be seen immaterial with a small amount of money but in fact it should be material because the user does want that particular information eg a pending litigation against the company for a faulty good and service. So to conclude, an item which is immaterial should by pass the rule for the cost - benefit effectivness but an item which is material should be there included for the use of the user. For more info check Ihe concept of materiality ( one of the most important concept of GAAP).
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What is a unconsolidated balance sheet?
When there is parent subsidiary relationship exists and in that case if separate financial statements are prepared by both parent and subsidiary company those statements are called unconsolidated statements.
What is the difference between group financial statements and company financial statements?
group is multiple you see. EDIT: Often an organisation will release both a group statement and a company statement. Group refers to the company in question and all its subsidiary holdings. This is because users of financial statements might want to know how the companies "core" operations are going as opposed to looking at the group statement which could have profits boosted by a different operation etc. Edit2: There is only a difference between the two statements for firms that hold shares in subsidiaries. A subsidiary is a company that the parent company has control over, usually (but not necessarily) when the parents holds more than 50% of the shares. In the company statements a financial interest in a subsidiary is shown as a line item ('subsidiaries') on the balance sheet. Depending on the valuation method used, dividends received or a profit share can be included in the income statement. (depending whether the cost method or equity method is used) In the group financial statement (also called consolidated financial statement) the item subsidiaries is no longer included. Instead, the underlying assets and liabilities of the subsidiaries are shown. Similarly for the income statement, the subsidiaries expenses and revenues are included. The group statements are usually informative, while the company statements provide little information. For example, the balance sheet of a listed company which is a holding company will have subsidiaries as its main asset (hence a single item as its assets). The consolidated balance sheet will show the actual assets (PPE, inventories, cash, etc) of the various subsidiaries. (Same principle for income statement).
In business what is a GL code?
GL code is abbreviation for GENERAL LEDGER Code. It is a financial related item, checking & controlling & following for companys budget. These codes are in layered structre such as 'Company-Division-Project-Function'. An example of GL code is : '04.556.7664.002' 04 -> XX Company 556 -> IT Division 7664 -> ATM project 002 -> Development costs GL code is abbreviation for GENERAL LEDGER Code. It is a financial related item, checking & controlling & following for companys budget. These codes are in layered structre such as 'Company-Division-Project-Function'. An example of GL code is : '04.556.7664.002' 04 -> XX Company 556 -> IT Division 7664 -> ATM project 002 -> Development costs
Can a former owner of an item that was sold at auction try to reclaim the item if the item turns out to be of historical or financial significance?
No, a former can't reclaim something that they sold willingly at an auction even if it has historical or financial significance.
How is materiality and immateriality related to the proper presentation of financial statements?
The concept of materiality refers to the relative significance of an amount, activity, or item to informative disclosure and a proper presentation of financial positions and the results of operations. Materiality has qualitative aspects; both the nature of the item and its relative size enter its evaluation. An accounting misstatement is said to be material if knowledge of the misstatement will affect the decisions of the average informed reader of the financial statements. Financial statements are misleading if they omit a material fact or include so many immaterial matters as to be confusing. In the examination, the auditor concentrates efforts in proportion to degrees of materiality and relative risk and disregards immaterial items. The relevant criteria for assessing materiality will depend upon the circumstances and the nature of the item and will vary greatly among companies. For example, an error in current assets or current liabilities will be more important for a company with a flow of funds problem than for one with adequate working capital. The effect upon net income (or earnings per share) is the most commonly used measure of materiality. This reflects the prime importance attached to net income by investors and other users of the statements. The effects upon assets and equities are also important as are misstatements of individual accounts and subtotals included in the financial statements. The auditor will note the effects of misstatements on key ratios such as gross profit, the current ratio, or the debt/equity ratio and will consider such special circumstances as the effects on debt agreement covenants and the legality of dividend payments. There are no rigid standards or guidelines for assessing materiality. The lower bound of materiality has been variously estimated at 5% to 20% of net income, but the determination will vary based upon the individual case and might not fall within these limits. Certain items, such as a questionable loan to a company officer, may be considered material even when minor amounts are involved. In contrast a large misclassification among expense accounts may not be deemed material if there is no misstatement of net income.
How do you annualize?
Annualizing means to project a full year's financial figures based on partial year's income statement. For example, if you have financials statements for January-March, then you have only 1/4 of the year. You will need to take each individual line item in the financial statement and multiply by 4 to reach what the total for 12 months would be. If you have 5 months of data, you need to divide by 5 to determine what it would be for one month and then multiply that number by 12 to estimate what that item would be for 12 months. This can only be done for income statements NOT balance sheets.
Prime objective of preparing financial statement?
Financial statements provide an overview of a business or person's financial condition in both short and long term. All the relevant financial information of a business enterprise presented in a structured manner and in a form easy to understand, is called the financial statements. There are four basic financial statements:1. Balance sheet: also referred to as statement of financial position or condition, reports on a company's assets, liabilities, and Ownership equityat a given point in time.2. Income statement: also referred to as Profit and Loss statement (or a "P&L"), reports on a company's income, expenses, and profits over a period of time. Profit & Loss account provide information on the operation of the enterprise. These include sale and the various expenses incurred during the processing state.3. Statement of retained earnings: explains the changes in a company's retained earnings over the reporting period.4. Statement of cash flows: reports on a company's cash flow activities, particularly its operating, investing and financing activities.For large corporations, these statements are often complex and may include an extensive set of notes to the financial statementsand management discussion and analysis. The notes typically describe each item on the balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement in further detail. Notes to financial statements are considered an integral part of the financial statements.
What are the consolidated financial statements?
Companies issue four basic financial statements:Balance SheetIncome StatementStatement of Cash FlowsStatement of Stockholders' EquityCompanies also must present a Statement of Comprehensive Income. Most companies include this in the Statement of Stockholders' Equity."Consolidated" financial statements include more than one affiliated company. For example, if Company A owns all of Company B, then the two companies together will present consolidated financial statements, presented as if both companies were really one company. Each line item is presented for all companies. For example, Cash presents total cash for all affiliated companies. Sales presents sales for all affiliated companies, added together.
Which of the following statements is NOT true about an insurance policy?
An insurance policy actually protects the policyholder's financial interests in the insured item, not the insured item itself. The insurer holds the balance of power in the creation of an insurance policy. Ambiguities in contracts of adhesion often favor the insured. The concept of utmost good faith only applies to the insured.
Is shoe lace conductor or a insulator?
Most probably an insulator. But shoe lace isn't a material, it's an item. And it's the material that decides if an item is an insulator or not.
What does horizontal and vertical analysis tell us about a company?
Vertical analysis, or common-sized statements , each amount on a financial statement as a percentage of another item. It can also to analysis income statement, balance sheet and cash flow statement.Eg. Income statement : turnover is expressed as 100% and every item in the income statement is expressed as a percentage of turnover (sales).
Is the creditor's financial claim minus the owner's financial claim to item of property always equals the total cost of the equity?
Yes
