In American English writing, the period always comes before the parenthetical citation, except for instances where the citation is part of a larger sentence or phrase that requires separate punctuation.
The period goes after the closing parenthesis of the citation.
Parenthetical citations are typically placed within the body of the text, immediately following the information being cited. They include the author's name and the page number (if applicable) in parentheses. The full citation is then included in the reference list at the end of the research paper.
Use a period to end the final sentence within the parenthetical, then use a period outside of the parenthetical to close the sentence in which the parenthetical takes place.
Yes, in APA style, the period for a sentence comes before the internal citation. This means that your sentence should end with a period, followed by the internal citation. For example: "This is a sample sentence." (Author, Year).
Use a period inside a parenthetical when the full sentence inside the parentheses ends.
Parenthetical citations in a text correspond to entries in the Works Cited page. The parenthetical citation directs readers to the full citation in the Works Cited page, which provides all the necessary details for identifying and locating the source material. The Works Cited page lists all the sources referenced in the text with detailed publication information.
Yes, if the question is a complete sentence and the citation follows the question within the same sentence, you would typically place a period after the closing parenthesis of the citation to end the sentence.
Yes, you would still put a period at the end of the sentence even if it includes a parenthetical reference. The period indicates the end of the sentence's main thought, and the parenthetical reference is additional information for the reader's benefit.
No, a period is not used after the reference when an in-text citation ends with a question mark. The question mark serves as the punctuation at the end of the sentence, and adding a period would be redundant.
The author's last name and page number should be included within parentheses at the end of the sentence, before the period. For example: (Smith 45).
Use a period inside of the closing parenthesis to indicate that the sentence within the parentheses is ending. Use a period outside of the closing parenthesis to indicate that the sentence in which the parenthetical occurs is ending. Example: This was published in 1968 (Mary Jenkins looked it up.). or This was published in 1968. (Mary Jenkins looked it up.)
Outside. (But if the entire sentence is a parenthetical like this one, it would go inside.)