The Talmud is a collection of the debates regarding Jewish laws among the
foremost leaders and scholars of its time.
Today, in 2014, there are more people studying the Talmud than there have
been at any previous moment in the history of the Jews or of anyone else.
The minority of them are rabbis.
The average doctor, mechanic, engineer, lawyer, housewife, salesman, student,
musician, journalist, or anyone else presently studying the Talmud on a regular,
typically daily, basis, will typically give you a reason for his study that falls into
two broad categories: #1). to learn more of what Judaism is all about;
#2). to learn, period, so as to keep their brains functioning effectively.
The Talmud is not currency. It's a set of books.
It is called the Talmud. Rabbinic Judaism used it as central text. It was written when they were captives in Babylon. The term "Talmud" normally refers to the Babylonian Talmud, though there is also an earlier collection known as the Jerusalem Talmud or so they say. Most historians don't agree with that.
Gematria is one of many methods used in Kabbalah. However, it isn't exclusive to Kabbalah: it's used in the Talmud a good number of times also. One example is Talmud, Berakhot 8a.
The Tanach (Hebrew Bible) is not in the Talmud. The Talmud contains commentary on the Tanach.
Eiruvin (that's Talmud, not Mishna).
The Talmud Unmasked was created in 1892.
Survivors' Talmud was created in 1951.
The Talmud is the 'Oral Law'. Similar to Torah but Torah is written down while Talmud is spoken.
Not many people are aware that there are two Talmuds: the Babylonian Talmud and the Jerusalem Talmud. When we speak of and quote the Talmud, we almost always are referring to the Babylonian Talmud, which is simply called "The Talmud." The Jerusalem Talmud is a separate work, which includes teachings of the Torah-sages of the land of Israel (Palestine) of the 3rd to 5th centuries CE. Its significance is that: 1) It includes many Torah-sayings that are not repeated in the "regular" Talmud, which are valuable in their own right; and 2) Whenever the Jerusalem Talmud states a decision or clarification in Torah-law that is not contradicted by the Babylonian Talmud, its decision is part of Jewish law.
As a gerund, Talmud means studying. As a noun, Talmud refers to a specific set of published volumes of Rabbinical deliberations. See also:About the Talmud
No. The Talmud was completed before the introduction of Islam.
Max talmud was the man who inspired Albert Einstein.