in 1967
software
The most commonly implemented network services are Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), Domain Name Service (DNS), and Network Address Translation (NAT). These network services are implemented on nearly every network that connects to the Internet.
Peer-to-peer
Spanniag Tree Algorithm(STA) can be implemented to avoid loops in swicth networks..
1. after the network is installed and running optimally 2. after major changes are implemented on the network
Both? There are more than two network topologies available.
Greece, was the first country were containment was implemented
To improve graph reachability within a network infrastructure, strategies such as optimizing routing algorithms, implementing efficient network topologies, and utilizing network monitoring tools can be implemented. These strategies help ensure that data packets can reach their intended destinations quickly and reliably within the network.
access, distibution and core
Spanning tree protocol
Because of it is to be protect the operating system.
point-to-point