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Trough levels should be drawn immediately prior to a dose and should not be drawn before steady state conditions are acheived. Peak levels should be drawn at least 60 minutes after the end of the infusion. If it is administered via a peripheral site, the serum level should be drawn from the opposite extermity. and the IV should be flushed.
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What is Peak and Trough in relation to Antibiotic Therapy?
Peak and trough are methods used to establish the effectiveness of a drug. Peak is drawing the serum blood levels after the drug is administered as it distributes rapidly and reaches its peak in therapeutic range. Trough is drawing the serum blood levels right before the next dose. Trough is the lowest drug level that is needed to reach therapeutic range. If trough is > than normal, the patient is at risk for adverse effects. Therefore, the doctor should expand the time interval before ordering the next dose or decrease drug dose. In general, a trough is usually drawn one hour prior to start infusion and the peak about one hour after the infusion finished. The are times when the physician orders the trough drawn immediately prior to an infusion (ie Vancomycin).
What is serum made of?
truth serum is a drug called sodium Anatol
When is trough therapeutic drug level drawn?
Blood specimens for drug monitoring can be taken at two different times, called peak and trough levels. Blood for peak level is collected at the drug's highest therapeutic concentration within the dosing period. For drugs given intravenously, the peak level is drawn 30 minutes after completion of the dose. For drugs given orally, this time varies with the drug because it is dependent upon the rates of absorption, distribution and elimination. For intravenous drugs, peak levels can be measured immediately following complete infusion. Trough levels (occasionally called residual levels) are measured just prior to administration of the next dose, and are the lowest concentration in the dosing interval. Too low a dose or too great a dose interval will produce a trough level that is below the therapeutic range, and too great a dose or too close a dose interval will show a peak level greater than the therapeutic range. Most therapeutic drugs have a narrow trough to peak difference, and therefore, only trough levels are needed to detect blood levels that are too low or too high. Peak levels are needed for some drugs, especially aminoglycoside antibiotics.
What is truth serum made of?
truth serum is a drug called sodium Anatol
Why are blood levels checked when using medications?
In situations where a clear dose-response relationship exists for the drug in question, monitoring drug serum levels where there is a narrow therapeutic margin helps maintain the dose in a range where adequate therapeutic benefit is seen while avoiding toxic levels. Examples of this include Dilantin for seizures, and antibiotics like gentamicin or vancomycin.
How long does it take for Diovan to be effective?
The drug Diovan can remain in the body for up to 3 days. The drug is most commonly prescribed to treat high blood pressure.
Why is the disk diffusion technique not a perfect indication of how a drug will perform in vivo?
Variable such as serum, body pH, ionic content, O2 level are not tested. Also you can not tell how the drug is metabolized and excreted or the side effects of the drug.
What is an antihyperlipidemic?
An antihyperlipidemic is another term for a hypolipidemic - a drug which reduces the concentration of lipid in blood serum.
Time required for 50 percent of serum concentration to be eliminated?
Time to eliminate 50% of any drug equals half-life (t1/2) of that drug.
What are anti tetanus serum drugs?
Anti-tetanus serum drugs are the medications which are injected as a vaccine to prevent a person from getting tetanus. The most commonly used drug is called tetanus toxoid.
Why is drug therapy monitoring important?
TDM is important for patients who have other diseases that can affect drug levels, or who take other medicines that may affect drug levels by interacting with the drug being tested.
Does Phenothiazine show up in a drug test?
None of the phenothiazine class of drugs show up in general serum or urine drug tests (although they can be ordered, specifically).
