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A:'Q' ('Quelle')was a document used as source material by the authors of Matthew and Luke for material in addition to that which they used from Mark's Gospel, and was therefore written before Matthew and Luke. Matthew's Gospel is believed to have been written during the eighties of the first century and therefore the Q document was written sometime before the eighties.

Scholars tell us that Q was written in four distinct stages or layers over a period probably of decades, but must have been complete by the time Matthew was written. Q does not appear to have been known to the author of Mark's Gospel, but this does not mean it did not exist when Mark was written approximately 70 CE. In fact, it is unlikely that the four stages could have developed during the short period between the authorship of Mark and Matthew. So we can only say that Q was written prior to the 80s and could have been started some decades earlier, circulated as a completed document at each stage, but progressively added to.

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Q: When was the 'Q' document written?
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