1873 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Sholes
A psychologist named Dvorak from the University of Washington developed the Dvorak keyboard layout as a more efficient alternative to the common QWERTY layout.
It is because the qwerty keyboard is used universally. Most people are used to the qwerty keyboard layout but there are some keyboard layout that you can also consider the devorak and colemak
QWERTY
The layout of a QWERTY keyboard was engineered for the early mechanical typewriters, in order to avoid clashes of keys as much as possible.
Qwerty is the most common keyboard layout
QWERTY .
Qwerty, and Dvorak. Pertaining to the layout of the keys.
The QWERTY keyboard layout is taken from old manual mechanical typewriters. It was originally developed for typewriters to actually slow down typing speed and space out the more commonly-used letters to prevent the mechanism from jamming.
The layout of a QWERTY keyboard was engineered for the early mechanical typewriters, in order to avoid clashes of keys as much as possible.
Yes there have been keyboards developed that did not follow the standard QWERTY layout, however they did not catch on too well.
The usual keyboard, with the first line of letters reading 'qwertyuiop'.
Yes, they have a standard keyboard layout.