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The US designed and successfully built two types of nuclear weapons in 1945: the MK-I gun assembly uranium atomic bomb and the MK-III implosion assembly plutonium atomic bomb.

It was decided that no test was needed for the MK-I due to its simplicity, but the MK-III was too complex to be sure it would work without testing. The MK-III was tested on July 16, 1945 (the bomb named Gadget) on the top of a 100 foot tall steel tower. Due to this test it was decided not to make any more MK-I atomic bombs (the uranium they used was much more expensive to produce than the plutonium used in the MK-III).

One MK-I (the bomb named Little Boy) was dropped on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945 followed by one MK-III (the bomb named Fatman) on Nagasaki on August 9, 1945. The Manhattan Project had plans and facilities to manufacture and drop 21 more MK-III type atomic bombs on Japan before the end of 1945, but Japan surrendered after the first two.

Los Alamos had finished one more MK-III (which would have been dropped on Japan sometime in late August) before the Japanese surrender message arrived in the US and shipped it to San Fransisco to be flown to Tinian island, but when Truman canceled further atomic bombing of Japan this weapon was returned to Los Alamos without having left the US.

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