The deportation of a considerable portion of the Jews to Babylon happened in the year 588 BCE - however read about various other dates of exiles at http://www.answers.com/topic/jewish-diaspora
If you mean generations; there were 14 as the Bible says: So all the generations from Abraham to David are fourteen generations; and from David until the carrying away into Babylon are fourteen generations; and from the carrying away into Babylon unto Christ are fourteen generations (Matthew 1.17)
The approximate date is 600 BC.
1531 BCE
around 2000 miles
Erosion.
Up to date, the location has not been found. The ancient city of Babylon is being unearthed in modern day Iraq.
'Shamrock' After Carrying Away Topsail - 1899 was released on: USA: October 1899
Up to date, the location has not been found. The ancient city of Babylon is being unearthed in modern day Iraq.
They did not because they were too far away south.
The Red Blood Cell
No the Nile is in Egypt, far away from Babylon which is in Iraq. The Iraqi Babylon which is the famous city of the Bible, is close to the river Euphrates. However there was a part of the old city of Cairo which was known as Babylon and that would have been quite close to the Nile. It should not be confused with biblical Babylon.
Transportation.