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So that you know that they show the true value, and that the results collected with one thermometer can be compared with the result collected from another thermometer.
It doesn't 'move' exactly, it expands. Originally mercury (a metal in a liquid state at room temperature) was used in thermometers; as the the temperature increases the mercury (or other liquid) expands, taking up more of the volume within the thermometer, causing the level to rise. Thermometers are calibrated to allow the temperature to be measured based on how much expansion has taken place.
Mmmm you will know very quickly if asked to touch your toes while the thermometer is inserted - the difference will become quite plain! Clinical thermometers are calibrated to temepratures around that with which life revolves - there is no use having 100 degrees C on a clinical thermometer as you would be quite dead (and bubbling!) if you got that hot! Lab thermometers can look like Clinical thermometers - but can also be much larger, made of metal or glass or plastic, electronic, infrared, coated (teflon etc), and can have scales going up to many hundreds of degrees C (and down well below zero too).
Mercury thermometers are rarely used, except in lab thermometers. For human use, they have been replaced by dyed alcohol glass thermometers, or electronic digital thermometers.
Clinical thermometers are made to be used in a hospital to accurately determine body temperature. They are often digital. Lab thermometers are made of metal or glass and usually don't give you an accurate reading as much as a "ball park." A clinical thermometer may have mercury but lab thermometers usually have alcohol .
Thermometers may be calibrated in degrees Fahrenheit or degrees Celsius.
Calibrated
Temperature is measured with thermometers that may be calibrated to a variety of temperature scales
The homemade ones have not been calibrated while the commerical ones have been.
Mecury thermometers
Most medical electronic thermometers are not calibrated to measure ambient temperatures.
So that you know that they show the true value, and that the results collected with one thermometer can be compared with the result collected from another thermometer.
thermometers are made out of mercury and alcohol because mercury expands when it is heated
Generally thermometers are calibrated two ways . primary calibration or Secondary calibration. In secondary calibration , two thermometers are kept side by side under same conditions and identify the difference with respect to one thermometer. In primary calibration , thermometer that to be calibrated is placed in a ice cubes made of pure distilled water . Now pour some distilled water and stirr well . Now place thermometer inside that mixture This will give the Melting point temperature of pure water 0 degree centigrade. Now see the reading on thermometer and adjust reading. This way of calibrating a thermometer is accurate enough form most applications.
It would melt. The temperature of lava (molten rock) is as hot as liquid metal, and lab thermometers are typically metal and glass. Thermometers made from ceramic might survive, but they are not calibrated for that high a temperature, which is typically 700 to 1,200 °C (1,292 to 2,192 °F). Lava temperatures are usually measured indirectly at a distance of at least a few meters away, using the passive thermometers found in industrial blast furnaces.
Charles Winger invented them.
Modern thermometers are typically made of materials such as glass, plastic, or metal. The most common type of modern thermometer is the digital thermometer, which includes a temperature sensor and a digital display screen. Other types of modern thermometers may contain mercury or alcohol as the temperature-sensitive material.