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Due to refraction of sun light through the hanging droplets of water we get a chance of viewing the attractive rainbow.
Sunlight is refracted, or bent, when it enters raindrops, and refraction causes the light to pass through the drops in such a way that the spectrum of visible colors is seen.
Because when sunlight gets refracted through water droplets in the air, the different wavelengths are refracted a precise amount in relation to each color that gets separated. The reason you see a circle, or arc, is because it came from a single source, the sun.
The sunlight has to be refracted by water drops in order for the sunlight to form a rainbow.
Rainbows are the result of sunlight being refracted by drops of water in the air.
Light is affected by a force called refraction which diverts its path depending on the 'thicknesss' of the medium it is traveling through. For example, a ray of light traveling through air and entering a thicker medium like glass will be refracted and travel in a different direction when it enters the glass. Different climates will create different atmospheric conditions which will make the light travel in different directions.
Refraction.
Refraction
Rainbows occur when sunlight passes through drops of water. This is why you see rainbows after rain or at fountains and waterfalls. Light moves at different velocities through air and through water. So when sunlight passes through water, it is dispersed. It is first refracted when it enters the droplet, reflected of the back of the drop, and then it is refracted again as it leaves. This refraction of the light into angles within the drop leads to it being visible, and the wavelength of the light is what depends its colour. After rain when sky is clear from the clouds and there is water everywhere. The sun shines on this water and reflects on the sky as rainbow.
diffusion refraction internal refraction
Rainbows require sunlight to hit - and be refracted by - the raindrops. There is less likely to be sunlight on an overcast day.
Rainbows have colors because sunlight is made up of different colors of light. When sunlight passes through raindrops, it gets refracted and reflects inside the raindrop, separating the light into its different colors. This creates the spectrum of colors that we see in a rainbow.