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A "transit" is sort of like an eclipse, in that another astronomical body crosses between the Earth and the Sun. But when the Moon does it, the Moon blocks out the entire Sun. In a "transit", the other body is so small, or so far away, that it doesn't block much of the light.

The next "Transit of Venus" will occur on June 5, 2012. The last one was in June, 2004. There are generally two transits of Venus eight years apart, with the next pair occurring about 90 years later.

The planet Mercury also passes between the Sun and the Earth occasionally; the next Transit of Mercury will be on May 9, 2016.

Measuring the PRECISE times at which the other planet appears to touch the Sun provided invaluable information about the exact size and geometry of the Sun during the early observations. In 1769, the British Royal Observatory dispatched the legendary explorer Captain James Cook to travel halfway around the world to Tahiti, to measure the precise geometry of the solar system during the Transit of Venus.

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