Very important question ! One that's usually ignored.
When we talk about the motion of anything that's 'tied' to the earth, like a car, an airplane, a boat,
a rock, a person, etc. ... anything that's motionless on the ground until you push it ... we normally measure
its speed relative to the ground, i.e. relative to a point on the surface of the earth.
That's why the whole notion of an object's speed suddenly becomes very murky when we start talking about
spacecraft and astronomical objects. In each of those cases, it's important to define the reference point,
which is something that not too many people are accustomed to doing.
The best that can be said is that you are moving relative to the Earth's surface.
Relative means it depends on the person's reference frame/point-of-view. For example, when you're in a moving car, your point-of-view tells you that the car is not moving at all (after all you're inside the car all the time, you only know the car is moving because the objects outside the car are moving against you). But another person standing on the sidewalk will see your moving car as moving at, say, 50 mph.
An object is in motion if it changes position relative to a reference point. Motion is a relative quantity and is expressed in respect to the position of another object. Example: both a car and the Earth are moving (earth is revolving around the sun) but if we express the motion of the car in respect to the Earth, we say the car is moving relative to the Earth. At the same time the earth is moving relative to the sun.
The front seat of the car.
If you are standing still and a car passes you at 60 mph it appears to be moving at 60 mph If you are traveling in a car at 60 mph and a car alongside you traveling in the same direction at 60 mph it appears to be not moving, since the relative velocity is 0
Relative to the car you are motionless. Relative to the road you are moving at the speed of the car. Relative to the sun you are moving at the speed of Earth as it orbits the sun (30km a second).
The best that can be said is that you are moving relative to the Earth's surface.
The amount of damage relates to the relative motion of the two cars. So, if the cars are moving in opposite directions when they collide, the relative motion and the resulting damage is greater; if they are moving in the same direction, then the relative motion and the resulting damage is less. A motionless car is intermediate between a car moving in the same direction and a car moving in an opposite direction.
All motion is relative. The question "is this object moving?" is in fact meaningless unless we specify "moving relative to what other object". Similarly, there is no such thing as "absolute rest": it's just as true to say that the road is moving at 50 km/h relative to your car as it is to say that your car is moving at 50 km/h relative to the road.
the seat
Relative means it depends on the person's reference frame/point-of-view. For example, when you're in a moving car, your point-of-view tells you that the car is not moving at all (after all you're inside the car all the time, you only know the car is moving because the objects outside the car are moving against you). But another person standing on the sidewalk will see your moving car as moving at, say, 50 mph.
Whichever direction the traveling car was moving, until something stops them.
An object is in motion if it changes position relative to a reference point. Motion is a relative quantity and is expressed in respect to the position of another object. Example: both a car and the Earth are moving (earth is revolving around the sun) but if we express the motion of the car in respect to the Earth, we say the car is moving relative to the Earth. At the same time the earth is moving relative to the sun.
The front seat of the car.
If you are standing still and a car passes you at 60 mph it appears to be moving at 60 mph If you are traveling in a car at 60 mph and a car alongside you traveling in the same direction at 60 mph it appears to be not moving, since the relative velocity is 0
Everything else in the car that is not itself rotating etc. is at rest relative to the passenger -- the seats, car body, dashboard, windows, etc, "At rest" is in this case just another way to say "moving at the same velocity."
the front seat of the car I think.....