There are 20 shouts. But there are three parts to each shout. You receive an achievement when you know all 20 shouts. The greybeards will help you find locations were the Thu'ums can be learned.
Shouts can be found at any marker on the map that looks like a dragon's head. Dragons are also located here. You can also speak to Arngeir at High Hrothgar and ask him if he can hear the location of another word, he will mark it on your map.
go to any tomb (there's a dungeon called bleak falls barrow look for those symbols by symbols i mean the marker on the map ) every single one i've been to has had a shout or you can look for the dragon faces on your map they will have a dragon and a shout.
not that i know of i got a lot of shouts but i dont think i got all the shouts
In The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim, Mid means "Loyal".It is part one of the Battle Fury shout. All three words of This word of power can be found in Vahlok's Tomb, which requires the 'Dragonborn' DLC.You can find more about the Dragon Shouts and Words of Power on the official Elder Scrolls Wiki.
In The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim, Yah means "Seek".It is part two of the Aura Whisper shout. This word of power can be found in Valthume.You can find more about the Dragon Shouts and Words of Power on the official Elder Scrolls Wiki.
In The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim, Zun means "Weapon".It is part one of the Disarm shout. This word of power can be found in Eldersblood Peak.You can find more about the Dragon Shouts and Words of Power on the official Elder Scrolls Wiki.
In The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim, Haal means "Hand"It is part two of the Disarm shout. This word of power can be found in Silverdrift Lair.You can find more about the Dragon Shouts and Words of Power on the official Elder Scrolls Wiki.
In The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim, Kaan means "Kyne".It is part one of the Kyne's Peace shout. This word of power can be found in Ragnvald.You can find more about the Dragon Shouts and Words of Power on the official Elder Scrolls Wiki
In The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim, Klo means "Sand".It is part two of the Slow Time shout. This word of power can be found in Korvanjund.You can find more about the Dragon Shouts and Words of Power on the official Elder Scrolls Wiki.
In The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim, Ui means "Eternity".It is part three of the Slow Time shout. This word of power can be found in Labyrinthian.You can find more about the Dragon Shouts and Words of Power on the official Elder Scrolls Wiki.
In The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim, Strun means "Storm".It is part one of the Storm Call shout. This word of power can be found in Forelhost.You can find more about the Dragon Shouts and Words of Power on the official Elder Scrolls Wiki.
In The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim, Slen means "Flesh".It is part two of the Ice Form shout. This word of power can be found in Saarthal.You can find more about the Dragon Shouts and Words of Power on the official Elder Scrolls Wiki
In The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim, Raan means "Animal".It is part one of the Animal Allegiance shout. This word of power can be found in Angarvunde.You can find more about the Dragon Shouts and Words of Power on the official Elder Scrolls Wiki.
In The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim, Mir means "Allegiance".It is part two of the Animal Allegiance shout. This word of power can be found in Ancient's Ascent.You can find more about the Dragon Shouts and Words of Power on the official Elder Scrolls Wiki.