There are many ways to learn Mandarin while in China. One might wish to start small and purchase some learning materials such as books. Learn the basic everyday characters that one might see everyday.
Mandarin is one of several dialects of the Chinese language. So, if you learn Mandarin, your are learning Chinese.
One can find information on the Pimsleur course to learn Mandarin Chinese from Pimsleur's Web site, but one can also find a detailed review of the program which describes it as expensive and lacking in written material.
Mandarin Chinese is used in most schools in China. While it is becoming more and more popular to learn English it is not a required language to learn. Kids may also speak a second language that is a dialect of the area they are from.
A person can purchase the software program Rosetta Stone to learn Mandarin Chinese. A person can also learn Mandarin online through the website ChineseLearner.
Mandarin is the official language in China. It is also sometimes called Putonghua. All Chinese students are required to learn it, but it is not necessarily their mother language, which varies from state to state (they speak different dialects, but the dialects vary so much they are not at all similar to Mandarin and you have to speak it to be able to completely understand)
There are many sorts of Chinese around the world and even in Asia so, no, not every Chinese child will learn Mandarin. Some may learn Cantonese, Vietnamese, Thai, Malay, etc. Some for instance may even learn English (if they grow up in the US, Australia, UK, etc).
To learn the simplified version of the chinese mandarin language, one could take classes via Clear Chinese or Learn Chinese EZ. There is also the computer program Rosetta Stone, which is nationally known for being the easiest program to learn another language.
Mandarin is an official language in Mainland China and Taiwan, but Cantonese is just a dialect in Guangdong province, Guangxi province (in some areas) and It's also an official language in Hong Kong. The Chinese people in several areas in China can understand what you say in Mandarin, in the other hand, if you choose to use Cantonese for communicating with Chinese people, you must use it in Guangdong, Guangxi or in Hong Kong only. I suggest you to learn Mandarin first, and then continue to learn Cantonese, it'll easy for your learning in Chinese.-From someone who's studying Mandarin in Thailand-
One can study and learn Mandarin from a wide variety of sources, such as individuals, businesses, and computer software. Companies such Rosetta Stone offer incredible language learning software, where a user can learn a variety of languages right from their home, or anywhere there is a computer.
Preferably start learning the national language - Mandarin Chinese. If you plan on staying in Shanghai for a longer period of time than you would be doing so in other areas, you may benefit in learning the Shanghainese dialect (after all, regardless of what you learn - you'll pick up the Shanghainese accent if you learn either one enough)
"Yes, there are many DVD movies available to purchase that help people learn the Mandarin language. Usually, to learn a language, you should also take actual classes from a person who is fluent in Mandarin."
You can find information on Mahjong on the internet. You can also use a Webster dictionary to learn about the origins of Mahjong. If you have a native of China in your neighborhood you could ask them since the game originated from there.