The Hebrews wrote the "Old Testament". It is an account of their existence in Israel from about 2000 BCE to 300 BCE.
Hebrews is a New Testament epistle.
They were called Israelites.
The Old Testament describes the Hebrews as the descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob who were chosen by God as his special people. They were instructed to follow God's laws and worship only him. Their history is detailed in the books of Genesis through Deuteronomy.
Psalms is often quoted in Hebrews.
Daniel
old testament and archaeological questions
The Hebrews wrote the Hebrew Bible. A Christianized version of these writings is called "The Old Testament".
Yes, there is a book in the New Testament called "Hebrews"
Israelite aka Hebrews who are the Jews
Esther, for one. It is not quoted nor aluded to in any of the New Testament writers.
I don't think Hebrews is critical of the Old Testament and is certainly not an attack on the Old Testament. The letter was written to people who were thinking of going back to the old system of sacrifice when they were beginning to be persecuted for being Christians. Hebrews deals with the struggle involved in leaving one religious system for another ie leaving Judaism for Christ, and as the writer shows, this involved leaving shadows for the substance, ritual for reality, the good for the best. The writer uses Old Testament people and events to show that Jesus, Messiah, is better than Judaism.
The non-Hebrews, or gentiles, most often mentioned in the Old Testament are probably the Philistines. They were a sea-people, believed to have originated on the Greek islands, who arrived in the southern Levant around 1200 BCE.