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The heaviest elements come mainly from supernovae. Iron is the heaviest element that can be produced by fusion. Heavier elements are produced by neutron capture. An individual free-floating neutron collides with a nucleus and merges with it. That doesn't produce a higher element on the Periodic Table, because the atomic number depends on the number of protons. However, nuclei with too many neutrons are unstable, and will eventually "decay". A neutron will decay into a proton and an electron.

Free neutrons don't exist in great numbers in normal stars, so neutron capture doesn't happen significantly in them.

Elements from carbon to iron can be formed by fusion in large stars.

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Q: Where did the heavy elements in planetary objects originate?
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It comes from the process of planetary differentiation. light elements such as nitrogen rise up to form the atmosphere,whereas heavy elements such as iron sink to the mantle.


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