They were castoffs from the nobility--clothes which had become out of fashion or worn.
Elizabethan players of all sorts, not just the ones at the Globe, got their best costumes as castoffs from the nobility.
From a specialized carpenter
Shakespeare did not own any costumes, so "Shakespeare's costumes" doesn't mean anything. If you mean the specific and detailed instructions he gave in his scripts as to what the actors ought to wear, there aren't any. Usually Shakespeare left no instructions as to how anyone was to be costumed.
No, his company owned them. They were not Shakespeare's personal property.
Acting companies got the costumes needed to play kings and other members of the aristocracy from the real aristocracy, who would donate them when they became worn or out of style.
We have only one clue as to the costumes used in Shakespeare's plays during his lifetime. This is a drawing called the Peacham drawing of a performance of Titus Andronicus. You can see it at the related link
Yes they did! they used meant otherwise it would not be a play.
Yes, especially those men playing women's parts.
There is no official "Best Dressed" categories. As far as Best Costumes go, I believe The Duchess won best costumes.
Acting companies got the costumes needed to play kings and other members of the aristocracy from the real aristocracy, who would donate them when they became worn or out of style.
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Actors were called Players.