All Newbery contenders must be published in the US.
It has to be after the end of the year, they have to review all books published in the year. So the award is given out in January.
This link will take you to the American Library Association's site, with a list of the Newbery Medal and Honor books in alphabetical order by title.
The Newbery Medal selection process happens annually. The committee meets in January to discuss and vote on the books published in the previous year. The winner is typically announced in January.
The actual number varies from year to year. All books published by an American author in America during the year can be considered. When my sister was on the committee, she had about 450 books to work through. About 10% were not eligible, so they had about 400 books to review and consider.
The Newbery Medal is awarded to outstanding works of children's literature based on literary merit, not necessarily popularity or commercial success. While Harry Potter is a beloved series, the Newbery committee may have felt that other books demonstrated higher literary quality or had more original storytelling to warrant the award.
All the 2011 American Library Association awards, including the John Newbery Medal were announced on January 10, 2011.
Some books that have won the Newbery Medal include "The One and Only Ivan" by Katherine Applegate, "From the Mixed-Up Files of Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler" by E.L. Konigsburg, and "The Giver" by Lois Lowry.
Dr. Suess never won a Newbery Medal. While his books are fun and well illustrated, they were not distinguished contributions to children's literature. His books are likely to remain popular all the same!
Island of the Blue Dolphins won the Newbery Medal for its compelling and emotional story about survival and resilience. The novel's strong character development, vivid descriptions of the natural world, and themes of isolation and self-discovery resonated with readers of all ages.
The Giver won the Newbery Medal for its powerful storytelling, thought-provoking themes, and impact on young readers. Lois Lowry's ability to address complex issues such as individuality, freedom, and societal control in a compelling and age-appropriate manner set it apart as a deserving recipient of the prestigious award.
The Newbery committee can nominate books for the honor that don't win the actual award. They have the option of not selecting one at all.
Mrs Cleary won many awards for her books. The 1984 John Newberry, 1978 and 1982 Newberry Honor Books, American Library Association's 1975 Laura Ingalls Wilder Award,the Catholic Library Association's 1980 Regina Medal, and the University of Southern Mississippi's 1982 Silver Medallion, all presented in recognition of her contribution to children's literature. Also Mrs. Cleary was the 1984 United States author nominee for the Hans Christian Andersen Award, a prestigious international award.I have been recently doing a school project on her and learning as I go.She is one of my favorite readers.