In my opinion, a lung shot will be the most reliable, whether you are hunting with buckshot or slugs. While this link is to a bow hunting site, it has a good illustration of the location of a deer's heart and lungs. Good hunting-http:/bowsitezperiodzcom/bowsite/features/articles/deer/heartorlungs
no
a 12 gauge shotgun can shoot about 30 yards accuracy
Yes it will shoot slugs and buckshot, some use them as a deer gun.
No, you can not shoot anything but 12 gauge shotgun shells through a 12 gauge shotgun. Never use any ammunition other than what the firearm was designed for.
yes
A 12 gauge shotgun cannot fire 20 gauge shells.
With a well placed shot a 12 gauge slug can kill a black bear.
Depends on your parents
Yes.
what do you normally shoot out of it
Yes. Be careful if it is choked full.
Yes