Catabolic reactions.
because chemical reactions cannot react spontaneously
Damaged Power Plants
From electrons in photosystem I that are excited to a higher energy state by photons of light. Then NADP + is reduced to become NADPH
nuclear reactions in the Sun
Helium is formed by nuclear fusion reactions between hydrogen atoms under extreme temperature and pressures. These reactions still take place today in the centers of stars; in fact, the enormous energy released by such reactions is what drives our own sun.
because chemical reactions cannot react spontaneously
from energy used in light.
Damaged Power Plants
From the motion of the hydrogen ions
No.
Okay well think of what the chloroplast does. And where does the energy come from in the cell? okay now put two and two together and you have you're answer.
From electrons in photosystem I that are excited to a higher energy state by photons of light. Then NADP + is reduced to become NADPH
nuclear reactions in the Sun
Not fission. The sun's energy is produced by nuclear fusion, and that energy produced all the vegetation which turned into fossil fuel.
Energy required for evaporation must be available as heat energy. In nature, such energy comes from the Sun - either directly or indirectly.
technically, from the sun. photoautotrphs bind solar energy during photosynthesis into organic compounds, which are then consumed by fitofags, which are then consumed by predators...
Any external heat source can provide the required energy.