the CG is where you can balance it on you finger
It shifts the center of gravity forward. If the paper airplane originally had the center of gravity too far back, causing it to nose up and stall a paperclip or two can correct this and produce stable flight. If the paper airplane originally had the center of gravity correctly positioned or was too far forward the paperclip will cause it to nose down and crash.
The center of gravity is a point on the airplane that the airplane would balance while sitting on the ground. The center of gravity or also called "the CG" is important in trimming the aircraft in flight as the weight has to balance out the forces on the wing. It is also important in aerodynamic maneuvers as the G-forces act through CG.
The peice of paper compares to the paper airplane because they both have the same mass. Whether a paper is flat,folded in half or is shaped into a fancy paper boat it will always have the same amount of mass.
The airplane will tilt like a helicopter or just crash upon takeoff
If the cg is not with in range the airplane will crash.
The center of mass and center of gravity serve two separate purposes. As an individual, your center of gravity and center of mass remains the same. The earth has a center of mass. The moon has a center of mass. The moon does not orbit the earth. They orbit their center of gravity. Their center if gravity is always changing. It is not a fixed point. When an airplane takes off, its center of gravity is one place. As it burns fuel, its center of gravity changes. It might be necessary to change its attitude, which today is done automatically by computers. The computers are checked at the end of the flight by human beings.
The lift of the paper airplane is created by the wings and the thirst that you provide with your arm. Gravity is the force that brings the plane down and keeps it moving once the energy you provided with your arm has dissipated. The downward motion of the airplane caused by gravity keeps it moving forward which allows the wings to continue to provide lift.
Drag effects paper airplane just as it affects anything else that moves. It is either parasitic or induced on paper airplanes. Drag may reduce a paper airplanes speed and/or range.
If the airplane is not a lifting body and has no wings, there could be no lift to hold it aloft. Therefore, the only force acting on the aircraft in the vertical dimension is gravity, and so the airplane falls.
It has to do with the center of gravity placement in relation to the center of lift. During the steps of construction of the harrier paper airplane there is a step where the builder folds the tip down just short of the opposite edge. How much short? Well, you have to just guess. The variation in this step is probably what causes the discrepancies in performance.
The placement of the center of gravity (CG) and the center of lift (CL) affects pitch stability. When engineers design an airplane, it is usually designed so the center of gravity is placed forward of the center of lift. With this "built in stability" if a plane goes into an abrupt dive, the aerodynamic forces will bring the nose back up to level flight.
The effect of a hole on a paper airplane would depend on the type of paper airplane the hole is on, and where it is on the aircraft.