A rudder is a primary control surface used to steer a ship, boat, submarine, hovercraft, aircraft, or other conveyance that moves through a fluid medium (generally air or water). On an aircraft the rudder is used primarily to counter adverse yaw and p-factor and is not the primary control used to turn the airplane.
It part of the tail.
rudder
You keep the rudder straight.
You keep the rudder centralised.
The rudder
The rudder of the plane stabilizes an aeroplane.
the rudder, elevators, and ailerons steer a airplane.
rudder
The rudder steers the aircraft in a flat turn. You can turn by using ailerons only, but with rudder to help, it's much more efficient.
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Depending on context this could either be 'aft' (when inside the airplane), or 'Empennage' when referring to the entire tail section (the horizontal and vertical stabilizers, the rudder, the elevators, as well as rudder and elevator trim).
It counteracts adverse yaw caused by the ailerons when banking for a turn. The rudder pedals also steer the plane on the ground.