Subantarctic fur seal was created in 1872.
SubAntarctic Foundation for Ecosystems Research was created in 1996.
The subantarctic.
From Subantarctic to the Antarctic Peninsula.
The scientific or taxonomic name would be Arctocephalus tropicalis.
Southern elephant seals are found all around Antarctica and breed on subantarctic islands including South Georgia, Peninsula Valdez, Heard Island, and Macquarie Island.
The subantarctic island group of Heard Island and McDonald Islands (HIMI) is located in the southwest Indian Ocean at approximately 53°S 73°30'E.
mostly temperate; arid in southeast; subantarctic in southwest
King penguins live in the subantarctic and Antarctic regions, specifically on islands surrounding Antarctica. They prefer cold, icy environments where they can access the nutrient-rich waters of the Southern Ocean for feeding.
The Southern Rockhopper Penguin is found in the subantarctic waters of the western Pacific and Indian Oceans, as well as around the southern coasts of South America. Northern Rockhoppers breed on Tristan da Cunha and Gough Island in the south Atlantic Ocean.
J. M. Bradford has written: 'New parasitic Choniostomatidae (Copepoda) mainly from Antarctic and Subantarctic Ostracoda' -- subject(s): Choniostomatidae, Classification, Crustacea, Parasites 'Systematics and ecology of New Zealand central east coast plankton sampled at Kaikoura' -- subject(s): Marine zooplankton
There are no animals that live only in the Antarctic. All the species which do live there are also found on either the subantarctic islands or further north as well, such as the southern reaches of South America, and the open Southern Ocean.Various species of penguins, whales, dolphins and birds are found around the Antarctic. See also the related question.