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In eukaryotic cells each chromosome has?
centromere, histone proteins, telomeres
Why do humans have fewer chromosomes than chimps?
Chimpanzees have 48 (24 pairs) chromosomes while man has 46 (23 pairs). This is due to the fact that one pair of chromosomes fused during the course of human evolution. Chromosomes have end cap markers called "Telomeres" to protect them from damage. They also have a marker called "Centromeres" that shows where splitting (mitosis) happened in the center of the chromosome. Scientists found in 2004 that the center of human chromosome #2 had two connected Telomeres, meaning that the ends of two chromosomes had fused. For more, see:Hillier et al (2004) "Generation and Annotation of the DNA Sequences of Human Chromosome 2 and 4," Nature 434: 724-731
Heterochromatic regions at the ends of chromosomes are?
Telomeres.
Do centromeres and telomeres encode special gene products?
true
What are repetitive DNA sequences in the ends of chromosomes called?
Telomeres
Why is telomeric chromosome unstable?
Actually the genes on a chromosome closest to the telomeres are the most unstable because they can unravel.
In eukaryotic cells each chromosome has?
centromere, histone proteins, telomeres
Eukaryotic Chromosome are formed primarily of what two molecules?
Eukaryotic chromosomes are formed primarily of chromatids and telomeres
How are telomeres important for preserving eukaryotic genes?
Telomeres solve the end replication problem by extending the 3' end of the chromosome. Without them, the 3' end can't be replicated since replication is 5' to 3'.
Why do Eukaryotic telomeres replicate differently then the rest of the chromosome?
Gaps left at the 5' end of the lagging strand because of the need for a 3' onto which nucleotides can attach
In a diploid cell in which 2n equals 14 how many telomeres are there in each of the follow phases of the cell cycle a. G1 b. G2 c. mitotic prophase d. mitotic telophase?
There are two telomeres for each chromosome, so you need to figure out how many chromosomes there are at each stage and multiply that by two. G1-- growth phase: 14 chromosomes = 28 telomeres G2-- growth phase after replication in S phase: 28 chromosomes= 56 telomeres Mitotic Prophase-- before cell division, nuclear membrane disappears: 28 chromosomes= 56 telomeres Mitotic telophase-- nuclei separate: 14 chromosomes = 28 telomeres
When a chromosome is made of two identical parts are called?
Well in eukaryotic cells each chromosome has a telomere on each end (to prevent it from unraveling), but I'm not 100% certain that these telomeres are identical although they contain very long repetitions of the same nucleotides. But in bacteria the chromosome is ring shaped and is all genes (there are no noncoding sequences, e.g. centromeres, telomeres, introns, pseudogenes, transposons) so there are no identical parts.
Purpose of a telomere?
A telomere is the structure at each end of a chromosome. It consists of an area of highly repeated DNA combined with protein. Its main function is to protect the end of the chromosome.Telomeres are instrumental in enabling the cells to divide and replicate. But as we grow older these tips wear out and shorten much like the shoelace caps. When they get too short, we get diseases and die. The three Nobel Prize winners found this as they were looking for a cure for cancer.
What is the protective cap of DNA on the tip of chromosomes?
The telomere is the protective cap of DNA on the tip of chromosomes. You lose a small amount of these telomeres each time the cell divides. Eventually the telomeres be lost as you age. Short chromosomes because of lack telomeres are one reason aging occurs.
What are Telomere?
Chromosomes consist of two arms that extend out from a specialized region of DNA , called Centromere. Centromere or primary constriction gives a particular shape to chromosomes due to its position. The chromosome extremities or terminal regions on either side are called telomeres.
Is obesity related to telomeres?
Yes. We all begin as 1 cell and as it divides the telomeres become shorter. Larger people have more cells than smaller people and therefore have shorter telomeres.
Why do humans have fewer chromosomes than chimps?
Chimpanzees have 48 (24 pairs) chromosomes while man has 46 (23 pairs). This is due to the fact that one pair of chromosomes fused during the course of human evolution. Chromosomes have end cap markers called "Telomeres" to protect them from damage. They also have a marker called "Centromeres" that shows where splitting (mitosis) happened in the center of the chromosome. Scientists found in 2004 that the center of human chromosome #2 had two connected Telomeres, meaning that the ends of two chromosomes had fused. For more, see:Hillier et al (2004) "Generation and Annotation of the DNA Sequences of Human Chromosome 2 and 4," Nature 434: 724-731
