Technically, there are missions covering every single corner of the world, although some places aren't open for missionary work (such as most middle eastern nations, China, Cuba, etc). The title of a mission is really just where mission headquarters is, not the area it covers. For example, the New Hampshire Manchester mission actually covers New Hampshire, Vermont, and Maine; the India Bangalore mission actually covers nearly all of India and nearby nations such as Nepal and Bangladesh. Mission boundaries are changing all the time, but there are usually about 350 different missions.
Rather than list all 350 missions here, I'll refer you to the "Related Link" below, which is a list of all the current missions.
Yes, in Italy
Yes. You must have a High School diploma, GED, or equivalent (if from outside the U.S.) to serve an LDS mission. Some foreign missions also require you to have graduated from LDS Seminary as well.
No. Trey Parker did not go on an LDS mission.
President Henry B. Eyring, First Counselor in the First Presidency of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (the "Mormon" church) did not serve as a missionary for the church. During the years that he would have served a mission, he was in the United States Air Force.
You will need to speak to your Bishop or Branch President to apply to serve a mission. He will give you the web address and login information that you need to access the application, you will then complete your application online. You cannot download the application without speaking to your Bishop and getting the information from him.
There are 52,000 or so full-time LDS missionaries at any given time, so there's a good chance there is a person of that name has served an LDS mission.
A "Mission Trip" is something often referred to in Christian churches or ministries. A Mission Trip is a short trip, usually a couple weeks to a couple months, in which a group of people go on a trip with the purpose of participating in humanitarian service or preaching the gospel. These trips are usually open to anyone interested in participating and are offered through a variety of programs. The rules and requirements for a mission trip vary depending on who is in charge of the trip. An LDS Mission is something that only worthy members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints may go on. Males and Females ages 19 to 25 apply to Church headquarters to be called on a mission. An LDS missionary does not ge to choose where or when they will be going. If chosen, an LDS missionary will be sent to where Church leaders feel they are needed most. Females will serve for 18 months and males for 24 months. The main focus of these missions is preaching, although missionaries are required to spend at least several hours a week in community or humanitarian service. An LDS mission is much more rigid than a general "missions trip". There are very strict rules that must be followed, including putting your entire focus, 24/7 on preaching the gospel. Contacting family and friends, entertainment (music, movies, television), and other activities are not allowed. Retired senior couples may also apply for LDS missions, although they usually serve in administrative positions rather than as preachers.
Yes. He served a LDS mission in 2005 and played football for BYU.
Yes. The England Birmingham Mission also covers Nottingham. A map of the current mission boundaries can be found at the "Related Links" below. The Birmingham mission is shaded in yellow.
The typical LDS (Mormon) mission is 2 years for males and 18 months for females. With permission they can extend this time by a couple of months. Retired couples can also serve missions but the length of time varies due to the couple's circumstances.
And LDS prophet earns no income from the church. The LDS church utilizes a complete lay clergy where all leadership is voluntary. The same for Bishops, Stake Presidents, Mission Presidents, and all other authorities.
It is a rumor that your LDS mission paper packet will be 'heavier' or 'thicker' if you are being called to a foreign mission rather than a stateside mission. It is true that there is extra information regarding passports, visas, etc for the specific country you are called to, however the actual weight difference between stateside and foreign mission packets is so small that it could no be measured with a standard household scale.