Layer 4 (Transport)
transport layer
ftp
**The TCP transport layer protocol uses windowing and acknowledgments for reliable transfer of data. **The TCP and UDP port numbers are used by application layer protocols. **The TCP transport layer protocol provides services to direct the data packets to their destination hosts.
Network Control Protocol is uses to identify the Network layer protocol used in the packet
address resolution protocol and reverse address resolution protocol
Ping uses ICMP, and therefore resides at layer 3 (Network layer)
Briefly discuss the functions of transport layer.
It uses ICMP protocol - Internet Control Message Protocol
Two distinct techniques are used in data communications to transfer data. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages. They are the connection-oriented method and the connectionless method:Connection-oriented Requires a session connection (analogous to a phone call) be established before any data can be sent. This method is often called a "reliable" network service. It can guarantee that data will arrive in the same order. Connection-oriented services set up virtual links between end systems through a network, as shown in Figure 1. Note that the packet on the left is assigned the virtual circuit number 01. As it moves through the network, routers quickly send it through virtual circuit 01.Connectionless Does not require a session connection between sender and receiver. The sender simply starts sending packets (called datagrams) to the destination. This service does not have the reliability of the connection-oriented method, but it is useful for periodic burst transfers. Neither system must maintain state information for the systems that they send transmission to or receive transmission from. A connectionless network provides minimal services.
RIP uses UDP protocol with port number 520
A network layer refers to one of the actual 7 layers. The network layer protocol is actually the system it uses, possibly the order that the layers are done by?
Security is an essential part of any transaction that takes place over the internet. Online business uses transport layer security protocol and secure socket layer protocol.