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Byzantium was a small town that had existed well before the Roman Empire began. It was founded by Greeks around 667 BC.

However the roman emperor Constantine chose the site as the place where 'New Rome' would be built, so its 'foundation' dates from 330 AD in that capacity. The city became known as Constantinople (Constantine's city). When taken by the Turks (Ottomans) in 1453, the name changed again to Istambul (from stamboul 'the city'), or Istanbul.

The city had expanded after Constantine's time, however, and the mighty walls of the city built by Theodosius II still stand, showing the extent of the ancient city. The walls are widely regarded as the greatest city walls in the world : three walls thick with moats and other defenses.

Much of the city of ancient times can still be found if you look past the minarets and mosques of later conquests, and revel in the beauty of Hagia Sophia ("aya sofeea"), the cisterns, and the remains of the walls.

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Q: Which Roman emperor built Byzantium
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