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There was only one Roman Empire.

The Christians stared being persecuted under emperor Nero who used them as a scapegoat. Then there were alternations of periods of persecution and periods of toleration. Emperor Decius (ruled 249-51) started a very severe persecution of Christians which has been called the Decian Persecution. His son and successor, Gallus (ruled 251-53) resumed the persecution, though this time it was milder. Emperor Valerian (ruled 253-260) issued an edict of persecution in 258, ordered the Christian clergy to perform sacrifices to the Roman gods or be banished. Then he ordered the execution of Christian leaders and Christian senators to perform the worship of Roman gods or lose their title and their property or even be executed. Civil servants who did not worship Roman gods were reduced to slavery. Emperor Gallienus (ruled 260-68) issued edict of toleration of Christianity.

The worse persecution of Christian was the great Persecution unleashed by emperor Diocletian in 303. It was ended by the Edict of Toleration by (emperor) Galerius of 311 which declared Christianity a tolerated religion and established freedom of worship, and the Edict of Milan signed by co-emperors Constantine the great and Licinius. The latter reiterated the toleration of Christianity and established compensation by the state for the return of property which had been confiscated from the Christians during the persecution. There were not any Christian persecution after this.

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