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We cannot read your mind to see the excerpt that you are looking at. You'll have to read it yourself.
He is rejecting the idea that German Austria should be made a part of a future united Germany.
Swift has made his argument; now he's addressing possible responses.
B is the answer
Otto von Bismarck's policy was called Realpolitik. It involved making secret alliances and breaking them when they were no longer convenient.
This is referred to as an ad hominem attack (Latin to the man), attempting to invalidate the argument by making charges against the person making the argument.
Yes
Yes
Ad hominem is a Latin term meaning "to the person." It is a type of logical fallacy where an argument is rebutted by attacking the person making the argument, rather than addressing the points they are making. This type of argument is considered invalid as it does not directly address the issue at hand.
The literary term for a passage taken from another work is an "excerpt." This is a brief selection or quotation from a book, article, or other piece of writing. Excerpts are often used to support an argument, provide evidence, or introduce a text.
The Bismarck was one of a pair of Bismarck classbattleships (the other was the Tirpitz) it was named after Otto von Bismarck the first Chancellor of Germany. It was simply called the Bismarck.
The ad hominem fallacy is based on attacking the person making the argument rather than addressing the argument itself. It involves attempting to undermine an argument by criticizing the person's character, motives, or personal traits.