The Islamic state in Iraq and Syria get support from Saudi Arabia ,Qatar , turkey and USA
That would be Iran, although most Persian Gulf countries are Islamic to a degree
Islamic Law, or Shariah must be applied in any Islamic state. Nowadays there is no Islamic state, just countries where the Constitution and the laws are more or less inspired from the Shariah. All the countries that have Muslim population as a majority have altered laws from the Shariah. People tend to think that all the laws of a country where there are Muslims are "Islamic", but they are wrong.
there is no separation between church and state
Not in the United States, but it is legal in most Islamic countries and some Asian countries.
If the countries of the Islamic World had retained ideological support for scientific and technological progress, such as they had had during the Islamic Golden Age, they could have remained militarily and economically competitive with Europe. This would have allowed them to prevent Europeans from colonizing them.
in which parts of the world are there no islamic countries?
A number of countries support this view, not the least of which is Israel itself, the "Jewish Homeland in Palestine". Israel is also supported primarily by the United States and other Western countries. However, tacit support, by way of recognition, has been given to Israel by all non-Islamic UN countries except North Korea and by several Islamic countries.
By forming Islamic armies, conquering non-Islamic countries, and making them into Islamic countries. Simple.
If you refer to the Islamic State, several countries are currently (as of 2015) trying to stop them.
Based on the Shari'a DefintionThere is no Islamic state in the world at this moment, because there is no state that has the Sharia - the Islamic Law as it's only law. Every country has its laws, more or less inspired from the Shariah. There are many countries that have a majority of population with Islamic Beliefs.Based on the State Religion DefinitionThe following countries have Islam as their state religion:MauritaniaMoroccoAlgeria (Sunni)TunisiaLibyaEgyptSomalia (Sunni)MaldivesYemenOmanUAEBahrainQatarSaudi Arabia (Sunni)JordanKuwaitIraqIran (Shia)AfghanistanPakistanBangladeshMalaysia (Sunni)IndonesiaYou can check the statistics here:There are 50 Muslim-Majority countries in the world according to Pew Forum studies as of October 2009.see related link below.Many countries such as pakistan,afghanistan,algeria,albania,egypt,saudi arabia,palestine,jordan, syria,sudan,ethopia,libya,iran,iraq,kuwait,uae,bahrainand etc.
in which parts of the world are there no islamic countries?