ADVANTAGES of INDEXED FILES 1. Quite easy to process, 2. With proper selection of a key field, records in a large file can be searched and accessed in very quickly. 3. Any field of the records can be used as the key. The key field can be numerical or alphanumerical. DISADVANTAGES of INDEXED FILES 1. Extra data structures have to be maintained (the COBOL run-time modules take care of these and it is not the programmers' concern). These extra data structures maintained on the disk can use up much disk space, especially for long key values. 2. The indexed files have to be reorganized from time time to get rid of deleted records and improve performance that gets gradually decreased with addition of new records.
Indexed databases are databases that use an index data structure to efficiently retrieve and access data. The index stores keys and pointers to the actual data, allowing for faster search and retrieval of information. Indexes help in optimizing performance by reducing the number of disk accesses needed to locate specific data.
1) Logical data structures are structures that emphasize on data relationships and how data is related from the view of the user. 2) Physical data structures are data models that emphasize on the use of efficiently and effectively storing data in memory.
Explain the need for complex data structures
When stored in contiguous blocks, data usually has a base address. Accessing any data from the block requires an offset to the base address which is achieved through an index. The adding of an offset to the base address is called indexed addressing.
Linear data structures are 1-dimensional arrays, as in: vectors.
primary data structures
primary data structures
Michael B. Feldman has written: 'Data Structures With Ada' 'Data structures with Modula-2' -- subject(s): Data structures (Computer science), Modula-2 (Computer program language) 'Data structures with Ada' -- subject(s): Ada (Computer program language), Data structures (Computer science)
I think it is the objects(data structures) that are passed among the components of the software.
An indexed sequential file is a type of file organization where data records are stored sequentially in the order of key values. An index is maintained to help locate records quickly. This combination of sequential storage and indexing allows for efficient access to data in both sequential and random access patterns.
There are three types of index data structures: unique, non-unique, bitmap