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Pittsburgh is about 40° north.
New York City.
The latitude of the observer is equal to the altitude of Polaris. Therefore, if the altitude of Polaris is 43 degrees, then the latitude of the observer is 43 degrees.
At the Equator.
The altitude of polaris for an observer is always the same as your latitude so it would be 64oN
23.5
90 degrees
Plattesburg;)
An angle of declination is relevant when an observer is at a higher altitude than the object being observed. It is the angle made by the line of sight with the horizontal. Suppose this is angle x. Then if the altitude of the observer is known to be h, then line-of-sight distance to the object is h*sin(x). The object is h*tan(x) from the point below the observer at the level of the object.Conversely, if the line-of-sight distance from the object to the observer or the horizontal distance to the point directly below the observer is known, it is possible to calculate the height of the observer.
They're always within about 1/3 degree of each other ... close enough that they're said to be roughly equal.
Axial tilt.spherical shape
latitude of the observer