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The adrenal glands raise blood sugar and increase the heartrate and respiratory rate. These changes make you best able to respond to environmental stresses.
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Respiratory rate is influenced by almost everything, anatomically and environmentally. Anatomical causes of respiratory rate changes are ailments such as copd (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) asthma, airway obstructions, diabetic coma or shock, congestive heart failure (back up of fluids through the venus supply), croup, anaphylaxsis, etc. Environmental causes include airway anomallies, drug overdoses, inhaled poisons,smoking etc.
Your lungs control your breathing and your heart controls your pulse rate.
Hypothalamus control your heart rate. Medulla oblonga;ta assists in the control of breathing
Evolution doesn't have a constant rate because it depends on environmental factors and reproduction frequency.
Heat and wind.
Just a BASIC few would be; Death Rate, Birth Rate, Migration,
The breathing rate and pulse rate are related proportionally. If the breathing rate increases, so does the pulse rate. The pulse rate is an indication of the breathing rate.
Diaphragm
Breathing rate increases when: -The respiratory center senses high CO2 levels and high H+ (hydrogen ion) concentration (controls pH). -Carbonic Acid/Bicarbonate Buffer System: CO2+H2O<->H2CO3(carbonic acid)<->H(+)+HCO3- -There are low blood O2 levels (sensed by chemo-receptors in certain blood vessels) -Emotions, fear, and pain can also increase breathing rate
Several factors can affect respiratory rate and depth. Two of these are strong emotions, as well as pain acting through the limbic system, which activate sympathetic centers in the hypothalamus. Other factors are fever, labor, fear, anger, happiness, running, sleeping, yoga , meditation, and conditions like high BP or Low BP.