Low wattage bulbs have no gas, just vacuum. Higher wattage bulbs typically use nitrogen as it is inexpensive, but some may use argon.
Those gases do not react chemically so do not damage a hot filament in a bulb.
Filament of light bulbs are made up of Tungsten.
No, not in the filament. You are probably thinking of compact fluorescent light bulbs, which do contain mercury.
That is the filament. Electricity traveling through the filament heats it to the point of glowing brightly - that is the light bulbs "light".
The filament breaks.
tungsten
I have not had any problem obtaining incandescent light bulbs.
Domestic light bulbs are simply the light bulbs (usually of the filament type) used in the home.
the filament is neither too thick nor too light
The light bulbs do.
Yes, argon is commonly used in incandescent and fluorescent light bulbs as a filling gas to protect the filament or electrodes from oxidation. Argon is an inert gas that helps prolong the lifespan of the bulb by reducing the rate of filament degradation.
Argon does not power light bulbs, electricity does. It protects the filament. Normal air would quickly cause the filament to burn away. Argon does not do this as it is chemically inert. Old lightbulbs contained a vacuum, but it was later found that having an inert gas such as argon present could help dissipate heat better, thus allowing the filament to last longer.