Date and Time control panel
If you want to shut down the computer, usually "poweroff" or "shutdown -h now" would do. If you want to exit from the graphical interface, you typically just need to shut down the X server (the graphical session generally runs through a display manager session or your startx command)
A "daemon" is a program that runs in the background without a graphical interface. In Windows parlance, this would be considered a "service". In the context of FTP and other related Internet technologies, a FTP daemon would be the program "service" that runs in the background (for which the term "server" can refer to the machine that runs such network-facing services or the services themselves).
A server daemon is a program that runs in the background and provides some sort of service, such as a web server, SSH server, or a database server.
A database is a file. A database server is a computer that shares that file over a network.
PHP on windows runs using the WAMP Server while on Linux it runs using the LAMP Server. Try getting a LAMP Server from a search engine
oracle runs on any platform whereas sql server runs only on windows.
browser
A server that runs an operating system based on the Linux kernel.
NOS
its not run on a "server" multiplayer is but you download minecraft and it runs on your system.
This differs from system to system, for example Microsoft windows runs gui in kernel mode, which means that it's integrated, while gnu/Linux runs a X server, to which user connects creating a session. End effect is the same - a graphical interface for communicating with system and using it's services and programs.
No, Unix is an operating system program. A utility program cannot run by itself; it runs under an operating system.